Dimitrios G. Koutsonanos

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that immunization of mice with synthetic nanoparticles containing antigens plus ligands that signal through TLR4 and TLR7 induces synergistic increases in antigen-specific, neutralizing antibodies compared to immunization with nanoparticles minus a single TLR ligand, and there was enhanced persistence of germinal centres and of plasma-cell responses, which persisted in the lymph nodes for >1.5 years.

TL;DR: Although scarce after annual influenza vaccination, B cells producing antibodies capable of neutralizing multiple influenza strains are abundant in humans infected with pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza.

TL;DR: Dissolving microneedle patches can provide a new technology for simpler and safer vaccination with improved immunogenicity that could facilitate increased vaccination coverage.

TL;DR: Results show that delivery of inactivated influenza virus through the skin using metal microneedle arrays induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses capable of conferring protection against virus challenge as efficiently as intramuscular immunization, which is the standard vaccination route.

TL;DR: The data indicate that the recombinant trimeric sHA presents native trimeric epitopes while the unmodified sHA present epitopes not exposed in the native HA molecule, which underscores the importance of structure-based antigen design in improving recombinant HA vaccines.