Microalgae dewatering is a major obstruction to industrial-scale processing of microalgae for biofuel prodn. The dil. nature of harvested microalgal cultures creates a huge operational cost during dewatering, thereby, rendering algae-based fuels less economically attractive. Currently there is no superior method of dewatering microalgae. A technique that may result in a greater algal biomass may have drawbacks such as a high capital cost or high energy consumption. The choice of which harvesting technique to apply will depend on the species of microalgae and the final product desired. Algal properties such as a large cell size and the capability of the microalgae to autoflocculate can simplify the dewatering process. This article reviews and addresses the various technologies currently used for dewatering microalgal cultures along with a comparative study of the performances of the different technologies.

Dewatering of microalgal cultures : a major bottleneck to algae-based fuels

생체의 모델링과 Simulation

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Analysis Synthesis And Design Of Chemical Processes

Sustainable biodiesel production via transesterification of waste cooking oil by using CaO catalysts prepared from chicken manure

Biodiesel production from castor oil using heterogeneous Ni doped ZnO nanocatalyst.

Multi-objective optimization of two alkali catalyzed processes for biodiesel from waste cooking oil

Abstract An inevitable need for the skilled operators to increase the safety and productivity is not new to the chemical industry. Consequently, the training of operators is considered as a very important activity in the chemical industry. Conventional training methodologies are ineffective in training the operators for seldom-occurring perilous situations. The operator training simulator (OTS) is an alternative to train operators without actually endangering the plant and personnel. This contribution covers and discusses the need for OTS, applications of OTS in the chemical industry, issues related to OTS, salient features of a good OTS, commercial software packages used to build OTS, and training configurations. In this article, applications of OTS in the chemical industry reported in the open literature from 1990 to mid-2013 are also reviewed briefly. The review shows that OTS has been successfully used in many chemical industries. Finally, this article concludes by outlining the future directions. Overall, it provides a deeper understanding of many issues about the OTS to interested researchers, vendors, modeling engineers, and application engineers aiming to stimulate further developments in this area leading to improved OTS and their increased usage in the chemical industry.

Operator training simulators in the chemical industry: review, issues, and future directions

Transesterification of castor oil using benzimidazolium based Brønsted acid ionic liquid catalyst

A comparative study of fractional order PIλ/PIλDµ tuning rules for stable first order plus time delay processes

Given the factors such as safety, profitability, and environmental concerns at stake, operator training is an everlasting and vital process in the process industry. An inevitable need for skilled operators in the chemical industry leads to search for novel and effective training methodologies. Consequently, dynamic simulation techniques have been considered as a tool to educate and train inexperienced personnel as expected by the industry. Traditional training methodologies are hardly sufficient to instruct the operators for seldom-occurring perilous situations. Conventional operator training simulators (OTS) are generally effective, but they lack to give operators the actual feel of the scenarios. Training effectiveness can be enhanced by providing operators with a sense of realism. Therefore, integration of OTS with virtual reality (VR-OTS) certainly comes out to be an alternative. VR-OTS can replicate emergency conditions, accidents, and investigate safety protocols. In this work, we discuss the need for virtual reality (VR) in OTS, merits of VR-OTS, and the role of training assessment methods. Contributions of OTS Authors’ in process industry from year 2000 to mid-2017 are reviewed and discussed extensively. The review shows that VR-OTS provides tangible benefits over its conventional counterparts in terms of improved safety of plant, increased productivity, and environmental protection. Finally, this paper outlines future scopes that the current researcher may consider to focus for the increased and improved VR-OTS usage.

Dipesh S. Patle

Papers

Multi-objective optimization of two alkali catalyzed processes for biodiesel from waste cooking oil

Operator training simulators in the chemical industry: review, issues, and future directions

Transesterification of castor oil using benzimidazolium based Brønsted acid ionic liquid catalyst

A comparative study of fractional order PIλ/PIλDµ tuning rules for stable first order plus time delay processes

Operator training simulators in virtual reality environment for process operators: a review