D
Dirk C. de Graaf
Researcher at Ghent University
Publications - 51
Citations - 3044
Dirk C. de Graaf is an academic researcher from Ghent University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Honey bee & Venom. The author has an hindex of 26, co-authored 51 publications receiving 2557 citations.
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Journal ArticleDOI
The genomes of two key bumblebee species with primitive eusocial organization
Ben M. Sadd,Ben M. Sadd,Seth M. Barribeau,Seth M. Barribeau,Guy Bloch,Dirk C. de Graaf,Peter K. Dearden,Christine G. Elsik,Christine G. Elsik,Jürgen Gadau,Cornelis J. P. Grimmelikhuijzen,Martin Hasselmann,Jeffrey D. Lozier,Hugh M. Robertson,Guy Smagghe,Eckart Stolle,Matthias Van Vaerenbergh,Robert M. Waterhouse,Erich Bornberg-Bauer,Steffen Klasberg,Anna K. Bennett,Francisco Câmara,Roderic Guigó,Katharina J. Hoff,Marco Mariotti,Monica Munoz-Torres,Monica Munoz-Torres,Terence Murphy,Didac Santesmasses,Gro V. Amdam,Matthew Beckers,Martin Beye,Matthias Biewer,Matthias Biewer,Márcia Maria Gentile Bitondi,Mark Blaxter,Andrew F. G. Bourke,Mark J. F. Brown,Séverine D. Buechel,Rossanah Cameron,Kaat Cappelle,James C. Carolan,Olivier Christiaens,Kate L. Ciborowski,David F. Clarke,Thomas J. Colgan,David Collins,Andrew G. Cridge,Tamas Dalmay,Stephanie Dreier,Louis du Plessis,Louis du Plessis,Elizabeth J. Duncan,Silvio Erler,Jay D. Evans,Tiago Falcon,Kevin B. Flores,Flávia Cristina de Paula Freitas,Taro Fuchikawa,Taro Fuchikawa,Tanja Gempe,Klaus Hartfelder,Frank Hauser,Sophie Helbing,Fernanda C. Humann,Frano Irvine,Lars S. Jermiin,Claire E. Johnson,Reed M. Johnson,Andrew K. Jones,Tatsuhiko Kadowaki,Jonathan H. Kidner,Vasco Koch,Arian Köhler,F. Bernhard Kraus,H. Michael G. Lattorff,Megan Leask,Gabrielle A. Lockett,Eamonn B. Mallon,David S. Marco Antonio,Monika Marxer,Ivan Meeus,Robin F. A. Moritz,Ajay Nair,Kathrin Näpflin,Inga Nissen,Jinzhi Niu,Francis M. F. Nunes,John G. Oakeshott,Amy J. Osborne,Marianne Otte,Daniel Guariz Pinheiro,Nina Rossié,Olav Rueppell,Carolina G. Santos,Regula Schmid-Hempel,Björn D. Schmitt,Christina Schulte,Zilá Luz Paulino Simões,Michelle P.M. Soares,Luc Swevers,Eva C. Winnebeck,Florian Wolschin,Florian Wolschin,Na Yu,Evgeny M. Zdobnov,Evgeny M. Zdobnov,Peshtewani K. Aqrawi,Kerstin P. Blankenburg,Marcus Coyle,Liezl Francisco,Alvaro G. Hernandez,Michael Holder,Matthew E. Hudson,LaRonda Jackson,Joy Jayaseelan,Vandita Joshi,Christie Kovar,Sandra L. Lee,Robert Mata,Tittu Mathew,Irene Newsham,Robin Ngo,Geoffrey Okwuonu,Christopher Pham,Ling-Ling Pu,Nehad Saada,Jireh Santibanez,DeNard Simmons,Rebecca Thornton,Aarti Venkat,Kimberly K. O. Walden,Yuanqing Wu,Griet Debyser,Bart Devreese,Claire Asher,Julie Blommaert,Ariel D. Chipman,Lars Chittka,Bertrand Fouks,Bertrand Fouks,Jisheng Liu,Jisheng Liu,Meaghan P. O’Neill,Seirian Sumner,Daniela Puiu,Jiaxin Qu,Steven L. Salzberg,Steven E. Scherer,Donna M. Muzny,Stephen Richards,Gene E. Robinson,Richard A. Gibbs,Paul Schmid-Hempel,Kim C. Worley +154 more
TL;DR: Overall, gene repertoires suggest that the route to advanced eusociality in bees was mediated by many small changes in many genes and processes, and not by notable expansion or depauperation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reference Gene Selection for Insect Expression Studies Using Quantitative Real-Time PCR: The Head of the Honeybee, Apis mellifera, After a Bacterial Challenge
Bieke Scharlaken,Dirk C. de Graaf,Karen Goossens,Marleen Brunain,Luc Peelman,Frans J. Jacobs +5 more
TL;DR: By a combination of three software programs the genes actin, RPS18 and GAPDH were found suitable reference genes in the honeybee head in the context of bacterial infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Standard methods for virus research in Apis mellifera
Joachim R. de Miranda,Lesley Bailey,Brenda V. Ball,Philippe Blanchard,Giles E. Budge,Nor Chejanovsky,Yanping Chen,Laurent Gauthier,Elke Genersch,Dirk C. de Graaf,Magali Ribière,Eugene V. Ryabov,Lina De Smet,Jozef J. M. van der Steen +13 more
TL;DR: This article concentrates heavily on virus propagation and methods for detection, with minor excursions into surveying, sampling management and background information on the many viruses found in bees.
Journal ArticleDOI
Standard methods for American foulbrood research.
Dirk C. de Graaf,Adriana Mónica Alippi,Karina Antúnez,Katherine A Aronstein,Giles E. Budge,Lina De Smet,Douglas W. Dingman,Jay D. Evans,Leonard J. Foster,Anne Fünfhaus,K Daniel Murray,Bach Kim Nguyen,Lena Poppinga,Marla Spivak,Selwyn Wilkins,Elke Genersch,Investigaciones Biológicas,Clemente Estable,Barc-E Bldg,Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech +19 more
TL;DR: Techniques and protocols for American foulbrood research are provided, mostly in a recipe-like format that permits easy implementation in the laboratory and other technical information including biosafety measures to guarantee the safe handling of this pathogen is covered.
Journal ArticleDOI
Insights into the venom composition of the ectoparasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis from bioinformatic and proteomic studies.
Dirk C. de Graaf,Maarten Aerts,Marleen Brunain,Christopher A. Desjardins,Franciscus Jacobs,John H. Werren,Bart Devreese +6 more
TL;DR: Almost half of the 79 identified proteins were not yet associated with insect venoms: 16 proteins showed similarity only to known proteins from other tissues or secretions, and an additional 23 did not show similarity to any known protein.