Urvashi Aneja; Susan Coleman; Vidisha Mishra; Alicia RobbMay, 2017The effects of digitalization on gender equality in the G20 economies,Report,[Kiel, Germany]Women20,167

The effects of digitalization on gender equality in the G20 economies

Some European countries offer tax incentive schemes to investors and companies in crowdfunding. On one hand, they could be seen as a tool to reduce the system’s dependence on banks and increase the...

Crowdfunding tax incentives in Europe: a comparative analysis

The acceleration of start-up activity is often cited as a rationale for the R&D tax credit, a key innovation policy instrument adopted increasingly by US states over the past quarter century. While there is a strong empirical base linking the R&D tax credit to increased R&D expenditures and innovation, prior work has not provided causal evidence that this policy effects the rate of formation and growth potential of new businesses. This paper combines data from the US Startup Cartography Project with the Panel Database on Incentives and Taxes to implement a difference-in-differences estimate of the impact of the R&D tax credit on the quantity and quality-adjusted quantity of entrepreneurship. Our key finding is that the R&D tax credit is associated with a significant long-term impact on both the overall quantity and quality-adjusted quantity of entrepreneurship, with the bulk of the effect materializing more than five years after the policy is enacted. These findings stand in contrast to an analysis of the adoption of state-level investment tax credits. There, we observe no long-term impact on the quantity of entrepreneurship but a marked decline in the rate of formation of growth-oriented startups over time. Combined with other evidence regarding the efficacy of R&D tax credits in spurring innovative investment, our results shed light on the potential for this fiscal policy to also stimulate the formation of growth-oriented start-ups.

Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.

/pdf/the-impact-of-state-level-r-d-tax-credits-on-the-quantity-ziu63vev33.pdf

The impact of state-level R&D tax credits on the quantity and quality of entrepreneurship

This study is a joint project by the Women20 and the Think Tank 20 initiatives under the German G20 presidency, supported financially by the Emerging Market Sustainability Dialogues (EMSD) and the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ). This study is the final report. An executive summary has been published on occasion of the Women20 summit in Berlin.

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/170571/1/898491703.pdf

The effects of digitalization on gender equaliy in the G20 economies: Women20 study

Stairway to heaven?: Rethinking angel investment policy and practice

Purpose – Over the past decade more than 20 states have begun to offer tax credits to angel investors in an attempt to increase state economic growth. These credits are intended to increase new venture investment, create high‐paying and knowledge‐based jobs, and increase tax revenue collections, but there is some debate over costs and benefits associated with these credits. This paper aims to investigate this issue.Design/methodology/approach – This paper will examine the implementation and perceived effectiveness of tax credit programs in Hawaii, Louisiana, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Oregon, and Vermont. These states were chosen for this research sample based on their differing physical locations within the USA and the uniqueness of the characteristics of each state's chosen tax credit program.Findings – The paper reveals that state investment tax credit programs vary widely in areas of eligibility, level of funding available per investment and per year, and whether or not the credits are refundable. All of t...

Don K. Martin

Papers

State‐funded angel investor tax credits: Implementation and perceived effectiveness in a sample of states within the United States