Donald Mackay

Bio: Donald Mackay is an academic researcher from Trent University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Solubility & Partition coefficient. The author has an hindex of 103, co-authored 468 publications receiving 35105 citations. Previous affiliations of Donald Mackay include École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne & ETH Zurich.

Peer reviewed: tracking the distribution of persistent organic pollutants.

Abstract: Control strategies for these contaminants will require a better understanding of how they move around the globe.

Multimedia Environmental Models: The Fugacity Approach

Abstract: INTRODUCTION Introduction Some Basic Concepts Units The Environment as Compartments Mass Balances Eulerian and Lagrangian Coordinate Systems Steady-State and Equilibrium Diffusive and Non-Diffusive Environmental Transport Processes Residence Times and Persistence Real and Evaluative Environments Summary Environmental Chemicals and Their Properties Introduction and Data Sources Identifying Priority Chemicals Key Chemical Properties and Classes The Nature of Environmental Media Introduction The Atmosphere The Hydrosphere or Water Bottom Sediments Soils Summary Phase Equilibrium Introduction Properties of Pure Substances Properties of Solutes in Solution Partition Coefficients Environmental Partition Coefficients and Z Values Multimedia Partitioning Calculations Level I Calculations Advection and Reactions Introduction Advection Degrading Reactions Combined Advection and Reaction Unsteady-State Calculations The Nature of Environmental Reactions Level II Computer Calculations Summary Intermedia Transport Introduction Diffusive and Nondiffusive Processes Molecular Diffusion Within a Phase Turbulent or Eddy Diffusion Within a Phase Unsteady-State Diffusion Diffusion in Porous Media Diffusion Between Phases: The Two-Resistance Concept Measuring Transport D Values Combining Series and Parallel D Values Level III Calculations Unsteady-State Conditions (Level IV) Applications of Fugacity Models Introduction, Scope and Strategies Level I, II and III Models An Air-Water Exchange Model A Surface Soil Model A Sediment-Water Exchange Model Qwasi Model of Chemical Fate in a Lake Qwasi Model of Chemical Fate in Rivers Qwasi Multi-Segment Models A Fish Bioaccumulation Model Sewage Treatment Plants Indoor Air Models Uptake by Plants Pharmacokinetic Models Human Exposure to Chemicals The PBT-LRT Attributes Global Models Closure

Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals

Abstract: VOLUME I Introduction The Incentive Physical-Chemical Properties Experimental Methods Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships (QSPRs) Mass Balance Models of Chemical Fate Data Sources and Presentation Illustrative QSPR Plots and Fate Calculations References Aliphatic and Cyclic Hydrocarbons Lists of Chemicals and Data Compilations Summary Tables and QSPR plots References Mononuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Lists of Chemicals and Data Compilations Summary Tables and QSPR plots References Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Related Aromatic Hydrocarbons Lists of Chemicals and Data Compilations Summary Tables and QSPR plots References VOLUME II * Halogenated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Chlorobenzenes and Other Halogenated Mononuclear Aromatics Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Chlorinated Dibenzop-dioxins Chlorinated Dibenzofurans VOLUME III * Ethers Alcohols Aldehydes and Ketones Carboxylic Acids Phenolic Compounds Esters VOLUME IV Nitrogen and Sulfur Compounds Lists of Chemicals and Data Compilations Summary Tables References Herbicides Lists of Chemicals and Data Compilations Summary Tables References Insecticides Lists of Chemicals and Data Compilations Summary Tables References Fungicides Lists of Chemicals and Data Compilations Summary Tables References APPENDICES List of Symbols and Abbreviations Alphabetical Index CAS Registry Index Molecular Formula Index * Each chapter contains lists of chemicals and data compilations, summary tables, QSPR plots, and references

A critical review of Henry’s law constants for chemicals of environmental interest

Abstract: The Henry’s law constants (air‐water partition coefficients) of hydrophobic organic compounds of environmental concern are reviewed. An outline of the thermodynamic principles which govern the relationships between vapor pressure, solubility and Henry’s law constant for solid and liquid compounds is presented and experimental techniques for obtaining these quantities with the required accuracy are discussed. Vapor pressure, solubility, and Henry’s law constant data are tabulated and reviewed for a total of 150 compounds in 12 tables consisting of gaseous, liquid and solid alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alkynes, monoaromatics, polynuclear aromatics, halogenated alkanes, alkenes and aromatics, and selected pesticides.

Interfaces and the driving force of hydrophobic assembly

Abstract: The hydrophobic effect — the tendency for oil and water to segregate — is important in diverse phenomena, from the cleaning of laundry, to the creation of micro-emulsions to make new materials, to the assembly of proteins into functional complexes. This effect is multifaceted depending on whether hydrophobic molecules are individually hydrated or driven to assemble into larger structures. Despite the basic principles underlying the hydrophobic effect being qualitatively well understood, only recently have theoretical developments begun to explain and quantify many features of this ubiquitous phenomenon.

The Challenge of Micropollutants in Aquatic Systems

Abstract: The increasing worldwide contamination of freshwater systems with thousands of industrial and natural chemical compounds is one of the key environmental problems facing humanity. Although most of these compounds are present at low concentrations, many of them raise considerable toxicological concerns, particularly when present as components of complex mixtures. Here we review three scientific challenges in addressing water-quality problems caused by such micropollutants. First, tools to assess the impact of these pollutants on aquatic life and human health must be further developed and refined. Second, cost-effective and appropriate remediation and water-treatment technologies must be explored and implemented. Third, usage and disposal strategies, coupled with the search for environmentally more benign products and processes, should aim to minimize introduction of critical pollutants into the aquatic environment.

Organic geochemistry of natural waters

Abstract: This book is written as a reference on organic substances in natural waters and as a supplementary text for graduate students in water chemistry. The chapters address five topics: amount, origin, nature, geochemistry, and characterization of organic carbon. Of these topics, the main themes are the amount and nature of dissolved organic carbon in natural waters (mainly fresh water, although seawater is briefly discussed). It is hoped that the reader is familiar with organic chemistry, but it is not necessary. The first part of the book is a general overview of the amount and general nature of dissolved organic carbon. Over the past 10 years there has been an exponential increase in knowledge on organic substances in water, which is the result of money directed toward the research of organic compounds, of new methods of analysis (such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry), and most importantly, the result of more people working in this field. Because of this exponential increase in knowledge, there is a need to pull together and summarize the data that has accumulated from many disciplines over the last decade.