The Law of the Sea. By R. R. Churchill and A. V. Lowe. Dover, N.H.: Manchester University Press, 1983. Pp. xxxiii, 321. Index. $25.

NOTE Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letterscombinded with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. iii Foreword The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea sets out the legal framework within which all activities in the oceans and seas must be carried out. The Convention, in its Preamble, recognizes \" the desirability of establishing [...] a legal order for the seas and oceans which will [...] promote [...] the study [...] of the marine environment \". Part XIII of the Convention is entirely devoted to the subject of marine scientific research. The General Assembly of the United Nations has consistently highlighted the importance of marine science for eradicating poverty, contributing to food security, conserving the world's marine environment and resources, helping to understand, predict and respond to natural events and promoting the sustainable development of the oceans and seas. One of the tasks of the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, Office of Legal Affairs, is to assist States in the uniform and consistent application of the Convention, including through the preparation of relevant publications. In this connection, the Division has revised the United Nations publication, produced in 1991, entitled \" Marine Scientific Research: A guide to the implementation of the relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea \". In this work, the Division was assisted by a Group of Experts which met at United Nations Headquarters in April 2009 for this purpose. The present Guide, among other things, includes practical guidance on the implementation of the provisions of the Convention relating to marine scientific research based on the outcome of the meeting of the Group of Experts. The 1991 Guide \" Marine Scientific Research: A Guide to the implementation of the relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea \" advises States of the means by which articles in the Convention could be implemented by coastal and researching States. It has proven useful in implementing the marine scientific research regime as contained in the Convention. However, in almost two decades, several trends have become apparent that suggested a need to reassess the Guide. Of particular importance are trends in marine data acquisition, marine data dissemination, and the emergence of large-scale, international collaborative programmes. With regard to marine data acquisition, marine …

Law of the Sea

Antarctica is the most isolated continent on Earth, but it has not escaped the negative impacts of human activity. The unique marine ecosystems of Antarctica and their endemic faunas are affected on local and regional scales by overharvesting, pollution, and the introduction of alien species. Global climate change is also having deleterious impacts: rising sea temperatures and ocean acidification already threaten benthic and pelagic food webs. The Antarctic Treaty System can address local- to regional-scale impacts, but it does not have purview over the global problems that impinge on Antarctica, such as emissions of greenhouse gases. Failure to address human impacts simultaneously at all scales will lead to the degradation of Antarctic marine ecosystems and the homogenization of their composition, structure, and processes with marine ecosystems elsewhere.

Anthropogenic impacts on marine ecosystems in Antarctica.

Antarctic and Southern Ocean science is vital to understanding natural variability, the processes that govern global change and the role of humans in the Earth and climate system. The potential for new knowledge to be gained from future Antarctic science is substantial. Therefore, the international Antarctic community came together to 'scan the horizon' to identify the highest priority scientific questions that researchers should aspire to answer in the next two decades and beyond. Wide consultation was a fundamental principle for the development of a collective, international view of the most important future directions in Antarctic science. From the many possibilities, the horizon scan identified 80 key scientific questions through structured debate, discussion, revision and voting. Questions were clustered into seven topics:i)Antarcticatmosphereandglobal connections,ii)Southern Oceanand sea iceina warmingworld, iii) ice sheet and sea level, iv) the dynamic Earth, v) life on the precipice, vi) near-Earth space and beyond, and vii) human presence in Antarctica. Answering the questions identified by the horizon scan will require innovative experimental designs, novel applications of technology, invention of next-generation field and laboratory approaches, and expanded observing systems and networks. Unbiased, non-contaminating procedures will be required to retrieve the requisite air, biota, sediment, rock, ice and water samples. Sustained year-round accesstoAntarcticaand the Southern Ocean willbe essential to increase winter-time measurements. Improved models are needed that represent Antarctica and the Southern Ocean in the Earth System, and provide predictions at spatial and temporal resolutions useful for decision making. A co-ordinatedportfolio ofcross-disciplinaryscience, based on new models ofinternational collaboration, will be essential as no scientist, programme or nation can realize these aspirations alone.

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A roadmap for Antarctic and Southern Ocean science for the next two decades and beyond

Flag planting and finger pointing: The Law of the Sea, the Arctic and the political geographies of the outer continental shelf

1. The History and Sources of the International Law of the Sea 2. Coastal Waters 3. Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone 4. The Exclusive Economic Zone 5. The Continental Shelf 6. The Deep Seabed 7. High Seas 8. Archipelagic States 9. Landlocked and Geographically Disadvantaged States 10. Navigational Rights and Freedoms 11. International Straits and Archipelagic Navigation 12. Military Uses of the Oceans 13. Marine Resource Management 14. Marine Scientific Research 15. Marine Environmental Protection 16. Delimitation of Maritime Boundaries 17. Maritime Regulation and Enforcement 18. Dispute Settlement in the Law of the Sea 19. Oceans Governance

The International Law of the Sea

List of figures List of tables Preface Acknowledgments Table of international and domestic arbitrations, cases and judgments Table of conventions, treaties and other international instruments List of abbreviations Part I. Introduction to the Polar Regions: 1. Introduction 2. The environment and resources of the polar regions Part II. The Legal Regimes of the Polar Regions: 3. The Antarctic Treaty 4. The Antarctic Treaty System 5. International law in the Arctic 6. Initiatives for Arctic regional cooperation Part III. The Impact of the Polar Regions: 7. The polar regions and the law of the sea 8. The polar regions and resource management 9. The polar regions and international environmental law 10. Regime theory, the polar regions and international law Part IV. Conclusion: 11. The polar regions and their relationship with international law Bibliography Index.

The polar regions and the development of international law

Foreword. Preface. Contributors. Abbreviations. List of Arbitrations, Cases and Judgments. List of Conventions, Treaties and other International Instruments. List of Figures. List of Tables. 1. The Polar Oceans and the Law of the Sea D.R. Rothwell, C.C. Joyner. 2. The Status of Ice in International Law C.C. Joyner. 3. Antarctic Baselines: Flexing the Law for Ice-Covered Coastlines D.R. Rothwell. 4. The Baseline of the Territorial Sea: The Practice of Arctic States T. Scovazzi. 5. Antarctic Maritime Claims: 'Frozen Sovereignty' and the Law of the Sea P. Vigni. 6. Arctic Maritime Claims R.R. Churchill. 7.The Outer Continental Shelf in the Antarctic S.B. Kaye.8. The Outer Continental Shelf in the Arctic: The Application of Article 76 of the LOS Convention in a Regional Context A.G. Oude Elferink. 9. Antarctic Maritime Delimitations S.B. Kaye.10. Arctic Maritime Delimitations: The Preponderance of Similarities with Other Regions A.G. Oude Elferink. 11. Marine Environmental Protection and the Southern Ocean: The Maritime Jurisdictional Dimension on the Antarctic Treaty System R. Davis, E. Lee.12. The Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy, Arctic Coundil and Multilateral Initiatives: Tinkering while the Arctic Marine Environment Totters D. VanderZwaag, et al. 13. Article 234 and Marine Pollution Jurisdiction in the Arctic R. Huebert.14. The Northern Sea Route: Russian Management and Jurisdiction over Navigation in Arctic Seas L. Timchenko. 15. Southern Ocean Fisheries and the CCAMLR Regime E.J. Molenaar. 16. Fisheries in the Svalbard Zone: Legality, Legitimacy and Compliance G. Honneland. 17. Challenges for Polar Maritime Delimitation and Jurisdiction: The Current Regime and its Prospects A.G. Oude Elferink, D.R. Rothwell.Bibliography. Index.

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Donald R. Rothwell

Papers

The International Law of the Sea

The polar regions and the development of international law

The Law of the Sea and Polar Maritime Delimitation and Jurisdiction

Federal and international perspectives on Australia's maritime claims

International Law: Table of statutes