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Donald S. Zagoria

Bio: Donald S. Zagoria is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: China & East Asia. The author has an hindex of 26, co-authored 178 publications receiving 3392 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on some of the factors which have determined North Korean policy in recent years and try to make some assessment of the future options open to the North.
Abstract: THE COMMUNIST VICTORY in Indochina has now turned American and Japanese attention to another of the "divided states"Korea. The border between North and South Korea remains one of the most heavily armed borders in the world; the North-South talks which began in 1971 have bogged down in mutual recriminations and there are signs of mounting tension. The North accuses the South and the U.S. of deliberately seeking to foment tension in order to divert attention from the mounting "political crisis" in the South; the South, on the other hand, accuses North Korea of increased efforts at subversion and watches warily for any signs that North Korea will attempt to exploit the American defeat in Indochina. There have been three coastal incidents involving the sinking of several North Korean ships since December 1974. In this article, we want to focus on some of the factors which have determined North Korean policy in recent years and to try to make some assessment of the future options open to the North. We focus on North Korean policy not because it is the sole determinant of what will happen in the Korean peninsula during the next five to ten years-obviously the policy of South Korea and of the great powers will also affect the outcome-but simply because North Korea remains something of an enigma. While there is general agreement that North Korea pursues an independent course of action, there is much less agreement on the factors that shape its policy and even on the content of that policy itself. While some observers consider that North Korea is poised like a cat to pounce on South Korea at the earliest opportunity, others argue that South Korea is as much to blame for the lack of progress in the talks. Some observers consider North Korea to be led by inflexible, fanatical ideologues impervious to recent changes in the international environ-

8 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Metzger and Myers as mentioned in this paper presented a comprehensive overview of this complex topic along with sound reasoning to support its provocative conclusion and coherently formulates the principles that should guide U.S. policy toward greater China in the next decades.
Abstract: A group of internationally prominent China scholars held a conference at the Hoover Institution in December 1994 to discuss how U.S. policy can best respond to recent changes in China and made clear that a "get-tough" policy would ultimately fail. This volume presents, in ten authoritative chapters, the first comprehensive overview of this complex topic-along with sound reasoning to support its provocative conclusion. The end of the cold war left the United States as the world's only superpower, but greater China was already in the throes of major change. As a post-Mao People's Republic gradually shifted from totalitarianism to a "socialist market economy," Taiwan underwent an "economic micracle" and then democratized. Hostilities between these two governments subsided, but America remained faced with Beijing's continuing authoritarianism and human rights abuses. In light of these circumstances, what posture should U.S. foreign policy adopt in dealing with China: confrontation or cooperation? Indeed, is such a clear-cut choice possible? Thomas A. Metzger and Ramon H. Myers assembled the participants, weaving an overview of this whole problem and concluding that the United States should try to nurture harmonious relations with China. The papers included here analyze the recent evolution of Chinese foreign policy toward Taiwan, Taiwan's development and policy on unification, security and economic issues, and the diplomatic visions that will affect the future of greater China. As a whole, this book coherently formulates the principles that should guide U. S. policy toward greater China in the next decades.

8 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a theory of ratification in the context of domestic political games and international political games, which is applicable to many other political phenomena, such as dependency, legislative committees, and multiparty coalitions.
Abstract: Domestic politics and international relations are often inextricably entangled, but existing theories (particularly “state-centric” theories) do not adequately account for these linkages. When national leaders must win ratification (formal or informal) from their constituents for an international agreement, their negotiating behavior reflects the simultaneous imperatives of both a domestic political game and an international game. Using illustrations from Western economic summitry, the Panama Canal and Versailles Treaty negotiations, IMF stabilization programs, the European Community, and many other diplomatic contexts, this article offers a theory of ratification. It addresses the role of domestic preferences and coalitions, domestic political institutions and practices, the strategies and tactics of negotiators, uncertainty, the domestic reverberation of international pressures, and the interests of the chief negotiator. This theory of “two-level games” may also be applicable to many other political phenomena, such as dependency, legislative committees, and multiparty coalitions.

6,155 citations

Book
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: The sources of social power trace their interrelations throughout human history as discussed by the authors, from neolithic times, through ancient Near Eastern civilizations, the classical Mediterranean age and medieval Europe up to just before the Industrial Revolution in England.
Abstract: Distinguishing four sources of power in human societies – ideological, economic, military and political – The Sources of Social Power traces their interrelations throughout human history In this first volume, Michael Mann examines interrelations between these elements from neolithic times, through ancient Near Eastern civilizations, the classical Mediterranean age and medieval Europe, up to just before the Industrial Revolution in England It offers explanations of the emergence of the state and social stratification; of city-states, militaristic empires and the persistent interaction between them; of the world salvation religions; and of the particular dynamism of medieval and early modern Europe It ends by generalizing about the nature of overall social development, the varying forms of social cohesion and the role of classes and class struggle in history First published in 1986, this new edition of Volume 1 includes a new preface by the author examining the impact and legacy of the work

2,186 citations

Book
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: In this article, the authors develop a regional approach to global security and present scenarios for the RSCs of the Americas, Europe, and Sub-Saharan Africa, respectively.
Abstract: Part I. Introduction: Developing a Regional Approach to Global Security: 1. Theories and histories about the structure of contemporary international security 2. Levels: distinguishing the regional from the global 3. Security complexes: a theory of regional security Part II. Asia: 4. South Asia: inching towards internal and external transformation 5. Northeast and southeast Asian security complexes during the Cold War 6. The 1990s and beyond: an emergent east Asian complex Conclusion Part III. The Middle East and Africa: Introduction 7. The Middle East: a perennial conflict formation 8. Sub-saharan Africa: security dynamics in a setting of weak and failed states Conclusions Part IV. The Americas: 9. North America: the sole superpower and its surroundings 10. South America: an under-conflictual anomaly? Conclusion: scenarios for the RSCs of the Americas Part V. The Europes: Introduction: 11. EU-Europe: the European Union and its 'near abroad' 12. The Balkans and Turkey 13. The post-Soviet space: a regional security complex around Russia Conclusion: scenarios for the European supercomplex Part VI. Conclusions: 14. Regions and powers: summing up and looking ahead 15. Reflections on conceptualising international security.

1,537 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyse an economy where managers engage both in the adoption of technologies from the world frontier and in innovation activities, and show that relatively backward economies may switch out of the investment-based strategy too soon, so certain economic institutions and policies, such as limits on product market competition or investment subsidies, which encourage the investmentbased strategy may be beneficial, however, fail to converge to the world technology frontier.
Abstract: We analyse an economy where managers engage both in the adoption of technologies from the world frontier and in innovation activities The selection of high-skill managers is more important for innovation activities As the economy approaches the technology frontier, selection becomes more important As a result, countries at early stages of development pursue an investment-based strategy, with long-term relationships, high average size and age of firms, large average investments, but little selection Closer to the world technology frontier, there is a switch to an innovation-based strategy with short-term relationships, younger firms, less investment and better selection of managers We show that relatively backward economies may switch out of the investment-based strategy too soon, so certain economic institutions and policies, such as limits on product market competition or investment subsidies, which encourage the investment-based strategy may be beneficial Societies that cannot switch out of the investment-based strategy, however, fail to converge to the world technology frontier Non-convergence traps are more likely when policies and institutions are endogenized, enabling beneficiaries of existing policies to bribe politicians to maintain these policies

1,384 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze an economy where firms undertake both innovation and adoption of technologies from the world technology frontier, and they show that relatively backward economies may switch out of the investment-based strategy too soon, so certain policies such as limits on product market competition or investment subsidies, which encourage the investmentbased strategy, may be beneficial.
Abstract: We analyze an economy where firms undertake both innovation and adoption of technologies from the world technology frontier. The selection of high-skill managers and firms is more important for innovation than for adoption. As the economy approaches the frontier, selection becomes more important. Countries at early stages of development pursue an investment-based strategy, which relies on existing firms and managers to maximize investment but sacrifices selection. Closer to the world technology frontier, economies switch to an innovation-based strategy with short-term relationships, younger firms, less investment, and better selection of firms and managers. We show that relatively backward economies may switch out of the investment-based strategy too soon, so certain policies such as limits on product market competition or investment subsidies, which encourage the investment-based strategy, may be beneficial. However, these policies may have significant long-run costs because they make it more likely that a society will be trapped in the investment-based strategy and fail to converge to the world technology frontier. (JEL: O31, O33, O38, O40, L16)

1,145 citations