Dorota Olczak-Kowalczyk

Bio: Dorota Olczak-Kowalczyk is an academic researcher from Medical University of Warsaw. The author has contributed to research in topics: Gingivitis & Oral hygiene. The author has an hindex of 12, co-authored 141 publications receiving 564 citations.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Aetiology of Caries: Systematic Literature Review

Abstract: Recent progress in the field of molecular biology and techniques of DNA sequence analysis allowed determining the meaning of hereditary factors of many common human diseases. Studies of genetic mechanisms in the aetiology of caries encompass, primarily, 4 main groups of genes responsible for (1) the development of enamel, (2) formation and composition of saliva, (3) immunological responses, and (4) carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of this study was to present current knowledge about the influence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genetic variants on the occurrence of dental caries. PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for papers on the influence of genetic factors connected with SNP on the occurrence of dental caries in children, teenagers, and adults. Thirty original papers written in English were included in this review. Study groups ranged from 30 to 13,000 subjects. SNPs were observed in 30 genes. Results of the majority of studies confirm the participation of hereditary factors in the aetiology of caries. Three genes, AMELX, AQP5, and ESRRB, have the most promising evidence based on multiple replications and data, supporting a role of these genes in caries. The review of the literature proves that SNP is linked with the aetiology of dental caries.

Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in children with Nijmegen Breakage syndrome (NBS)

Abstract: Background Due to small number of patients with Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome (NBS) and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) experience in their treatment is limited. Procedure Since 1996, 17 patients with a median age of 9.5 years who had NBS, were treated for NHL. NHL type, stage, chemotherapy, dose modifications, chemotherapy delays, response to chemotherapy, toxicity, outcome and correlation of drug reduction with response to treatment and outcome were analyzed. Results Nine patients had TNHL, eight BNHL. TNHL patients received BFM and BNHL LMB type protocols. Doses of cytostatics were reduced in the first chemotherapy courses. Further modifications depended on severity of complications. None of the patients complied with timing of chemotherapy. Complete remissions after induction were achieved in 8 of 9 TNHL and 3 out 8 of BNHL patients. All patients experienced grade 4 toxicities. Two patients died from complications. Six of 17 patients are alive. All received more than 80% of recommended doses of chemotherapy. No differences in the type, number of responses or grade 3 and 4 toxicities between patients receiving less or more than 80% of drug doses were observed. Treatment related deaths concerned patients who received less than 80% of drug doses. Conclusions Patients with NBS develop both T and B cell lymphomas. Treatment outcome is poor and might be improved by administering over 80% of drug doses. Although toxicity often depends upon drug doses, our patients experienced equal grade 3 and 4 toxicities whether they received more or less than 80% of the chemotherapeutic agents. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:186–190. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Bacteria and Candida yeasts in inflammations of the oral mucosa in children with secondary immunodeficiency.

Abstract: J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 568–576 Background: Oral microbial flora and a damaged oral mucosa may increase the risk of bacteriemia, fungemia and complications in immunocompromised patients. Aim of the Study: Assessment of presence: bacteria and Candida spp. in different oral lesions, and the incidence of bacteremia in the case of a damaged mucosa in transplant recipients and patients receiving anti-tumour chemotherapy. Material and Method: Forty-five patients – 18 months to 18 years of life, were included (20 – organ recipients, 14– anti-tumour chemotherapy, 11 – control group). Clinical, oral mucosa examination focused on the type, severity and site of lesions, and microbiology assessed the presence of bacteria and fungi in the material from lesions. Blood cultures were performed in ten immunocompromised patients with manifestations of systemic infection. The control material consisted of blood cultures made prior to the onset of oral lesions and after 4–6 weeks following their remission in a diagnosed bacteremia. The statistical analysis was performed. Results: In the subjects with secondary immunodeficiency, among other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS), Candidia spp. were more frequent. In cancer patients, mucositis was associated with Candida spp., Streptococcus spp. Organ recipients with stomatitis exhibited the presence of CoNS, Streptococcus viridians and other. Oral lesions in the control group contained Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Neisseria spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. In 30% of immunocompromised patients, oral lesions were accompanied by bacteremia. Conclusions: A correlation has been found between oral lesions and the presence of S. aureus in patients without secondary immunodeficiency, and of CoNS, Enterococcus spp., Candida spp. in immunocompromised patients.

Local presence of cytomegalovirus and Candida species vs oral lesions in liver and kidney transplant recipients.

Abstract: Background Anti-CMV prophylaxis is currently a routine management in patients after organ transplantation. One of the clinical symptoms of CMV infection may be lesions in the oral cavity.The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between CMV infection, occurrence of Candida species and presence of oral mucosal ulceration in transplant recipients. Material/methods Twenty fi ve patients after kidney or liver transplantation (mean age 13 years +/-4 years), receiving immunosuppression (tacrolimus, cyclosporine or sirolimus), who presented minor and major recurrent aphtous stomatitis (RAS), atypical ulcerations or focal necrosis in the oral cavity were enrolled into the study. Mean duration of post-transplant follow-up was 4 years and 3 months (+/-3 years and 5 months). Clinical dental examination (Pl I, GI), mycological tests and blood tests for CMV infection (specific IgM antibodies and/or pp65 antygenemia) were performed in all patients. Eighteen specimens of oral mucosa were evaluated for CMV presence in situ. Results CMV infection was confirmed in 13 patients with oral mucosal ulceration (46.43%); which were accompanied by gingivitis (average GI=1.34); in two cases Candida albicans was identified. DNA of HCMV was found in-situ in 5.5% of all biopsies, and in 9% of biopsies of patients with clinical CMV infection; changes did not show the presence of Candida spp. Conclusions There is a significant correlation between CMV infection and oral lesions; in some cases, CMV may be a direct cause.

Comparative optimism about infection and recovery from COVID-19; Implications for adherence with lockdown advice.

Abstract: Background Comparative optimism, the belief that negative events are more likely to happen to others rather than to oneself, is well established in health risk research. It is unknown, however, whether comparative optimism also permeates people's health expectations and potentially behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives Data were collected through an international survey (N = 6485) exploring people's thoughts and psychosocial behaviours relating to COVID-19. This paper reports UK data on comparative optimism. In particular, we examine the belief that negative events surrounding risk and recovery from COVID-19 are perceived as more likely to happen to others rather than to oneself. Methods Using online snowball sampling through social media, anonymous UK survey data were collected from N = 645 adults during weeks 5-8 of the UK COVID-19 lockdown. The sample was normally distributed in terms of age and reflected the UK ethnic and disability profile. Findings Respondents demonstrated comparative optimism where they believed that as compared to others of the same age and gender, they were unlikely to experience a range of controllable (eg accidentally infect/ be infected) and uncontrollable (eg need hospitalization/ intensive care treatment if infected) COVID-19-related risks in the short term (P < .001). They were comparativelypessimistic(ie thinking they weremoreat risk than others for developing COVID-19-related infection or symptoms) when thinking about the next year. Discussion This is the first ever study to report compelling comparative biases in UK adults' thinking about COVID-19 We discuss ways in which such thinking may influence adherence with lockdown regimes as these are being relaxed in the UK.

Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods

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How much do resin-based dental materials release? A meta-analytical approach (vol 27 pg 723, 2011)

Abstract: OBJECTIVES Resin-based dental materials are not inert in the oral environment, and may release components, initially due to incomplete polymerization, and later due to degradation. Since there are concerns regarding potential toxicity, more precise knowledge of the actual quantity of released eluates is necessary. However, due to a great variety in analytical methodology employed in different studies and in the presentation of the results, it is still unclear to which quantities of components a patient may be exposed. The objective of this meta-analytical study was to review the literature on the short- and long-term release of components from resin-based dental materials, and to determine how much (order of magnitude) of those components may leach out in the oral cavity. METHODS Out of an initial set of 71 studies, 22 were included. In spite of the large statistical incertitude due to the great variety in methodology and lack of complete information (detection limits were seldom mentioned), a meta-analytical mean for the evaluated eluates was calculated. To relate the amount of potentially released material components with the size of restorations, the mean size of standard composite restorations was estimated using a 3D graphical program. RESULTS While the release of monomers was analyzed in many studies, that of additives, such as initiators, inhibitors and stabilizers, was seldom investigated. Significantly more components were found to be released in organic than in water-based media. Resin-based dental materials might account for the total burden of orally ingested bisphenol A, but they may release even higher amounts of monomers, such as HEMA, TEGDMA, BisGMA and UDMA. Compared to these monomers, similar or even higher amounts of additives may elute, even though composites generally only contain very small amounts of additives. A positive correlation was found between the total quantity of released eluates and the volume of extraction solution. SIGNIFICANCE There is a clear need for more accurate and standardized analytical research to determine the long-term release from resin-based materials. Several guidelines for standardization are proposed.

World traumatic dental injury prevalence and incidence, a meta-analysis-One billion living people have had traumatic dental injuries.

Abstract: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) account for a considerable proportion of bodily injuries. Nevertheless, global TDI frequency is unknown, probably because TDI diagnosis is not standardized. This study estimated world TDI frequency. A literature search (publication years 1996-2016) was aimed at covering as many countries, communities, ethnic groups as possible, thus achieving high generalizability. In particular, non-specific keywords, no language restrictions, and large databanks were used. Observational studies reporting proportions of individuals with at least one TDI (prevalence) and who developed TDI (incidence rate) were considered. Prevalence rates to permanent dentition, primary dentition and in 12-year-olds, incidence rate to any tooth for any age, male-to-female prevalence ratio (PR) in 12-year-olds, with 95% confidence intervals (95 CIs), were extracted/calculated. Study quality, Z-score distribution, funnel plot symmetry analysis, between-study heterogeneity, sensitivity, and subgroup analyses were performed. Selected primary studies were 102 (permanent dentition; 268 755 individuals; median age, 13.8 years), 46 (primary dentition; 59 436 individuals; median age, 3.4 years), 42 (12-year-olds; 33 829 individuals), 11 (incidence rate; 233 480 person-years; median age, 7.8 years), and 31 (PR; 16 003 males, 16 006 females). World TDI frequency resulted as follows: permanent dentition prevalence 15.2% (95 CI, 13.0%-17.4%); primary dentition prevalence 22.7% (95 CI, 17.3%-28.7%); 12-year-olds prevalence 18.1% (95 CI, 15.3%-21.0%); incidence rate, 2.82 (95 CI, 2.28%-3.42%) per 100 person-years; PR, 1.43 (95 CI, 1.34%-1.52%). Differences between WHO Regions were found. This study shows that more than one billion living people have had TDI. TDI is a neglected condition which could rank fifth if it was included in the list of the world's most frequent acute/chronic diseases and injuries.