Dov Cohen

Bio: Dov Cohen is an academic researcher from University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. The author has contributed to research in topics: Honor & Poison control. The author has an hindex of 33, co-authored 67 publications receiving 6932 citations. Previous affiliations of Dov Cohen include West Virginia University College of Law & University of Waterloo.

Culture Of Honor: The Psychology Of Violence In The South

Abstract: New Directions in Social Psychology -- Introduction -- Violence and Honor in the Southern United States -- Homicide Rate Differences Between North and South -- Differences Between Northerners and Southerners in Attitudes Toward Violence -- Insult, Anger, and Aggression: An "Experimental Ethnography" of the Culture of Honor -- Collective Expressions of the Culture of Honor: Violence, Social Policy, and the Law -- Culture of Honor: Manifestations, Explanations, and Destinations -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- Appendix C -- About the Book and Authors

Insult, Aggression, and the Southern Culture of Honor: An "Experimental Ethnography"

Abstract: Three experiments examined how norms characteristic of a "culture of honor" manifest themselves in the cognitions, emotions, behaviors, and physiological reactions of southern White males. Participants were University of Michigan students who grew up in the North or South. In 3 experiments they were insulted by a confederate who bumped into the participant and called him an "asshole". Compared with northerners--who were relatively unaffected by the insult--southerners were (a) more likely to think their masculine reputation was threatened, (b) more upset (as shown by a rise in cortisol levels), (c) more physiologically primed for aggression (as shown by a rise in testosterone levels), (d) more cognitively primed for aggression, and (e) more likely to engage in aggressive and dominant behavior. Findings highlight the insult-aggression cycle in cultures of honor, in which insults diminish a man's reputation and he tries to restore his status by aggressive or violent behavior.

Handbook of Cultural Psychology

Abstract: Part 1 The Discipline and Its History HR Markus, MYG Hamedani, Sociocultural Psychology: The Dynamic Interdependence among Self Systems and Social Systems RA LeVine, Anthropological Foundations of Cultural Psychology HC Triandis, Culture and Psychology: A History of the Study of Their Relationship MJ Konner, Evolutionary Foundations of Cultural Psychology Part 2 Theory and Methods M Cole, G Hatano, Cultural-historical Activity Theory: Integrating Phylogeny, Cultural History, and Ontogenesis in Cultural Psychology S Kitayama, S Duffy, Y Uchida, Self as Cultural Mode of Being R Mendoza-Denton, W Mischel, Integrating System Approaches to Culture and Personality: The Cultural Cognitive-affective Processing System D Cohen, Methods in Cultural Psychology JY Chiao, N Ambady, Cultural Neuroscience: Parsing Universality and Diversity across Levels of Analysis D Oyserman, S Wing-Sing Lee, Priming "Culture": Culture as Situated Cognition Part 3 Identity and Social Relations AP Fiske, ST Fiske, Social Relationships in Our Species and Cultures MB Brewer, M Yuki, Culture and Social Identity Y Hong, C Wan, S No, C Chiu, Multicultural Identities J Sanchez-Burks, F Lee, Cultural Psychology of Workways C Schooler, Culture and Social Structure: The Relevance of Social Structure to Cultural Psychology Part 4 Acquisition and Change of Culture P Rozin, Food and Eating S Atran, Religion's Social and Cognitive Landscape: An Evolutionary Perspective L Newson, PJ Richerson, R Boyd, Cultural Evolution and the Shaping of Cultural Diversity JG Miller, Cultural Psychology of Moral Development GA Morelli, F Rothbaum, Situating the Child in Context: Attachment Relationships and Self-regulation in Different Cultures S Li, Biocultural Co-construction of Developmental Plasticity across the Lifespan Part 5 Cognition RJ Sternberg, Intelligence and Culture A Norenzayan, I Choi, K Peng, Perception and Cognition PJ Miller, H Fung, M Koven, Narrative Reverberations: How Participation in Narrative Practices Co-creates Persons and Cultures DL Medin, SJ Unsworth, L Hirschfeld, Culture, Categorization, and Reasoning Q Wang, M Ross, Culture and Memory C Chiu, A K-y Leung, L Kwan, Language, Cognition, and Culture: Beyond the Whorfian Hypothesis Part 6 Emotion and Motivation W Tov, E Diener, Culture and Subjective Well-Being SJ Heine, Culture and Motivation: What Motivates People to Act in the Ways That They Do? B Mesquita, J Leu, The Cultural Psychology of Emotion E Hatfield, RL Rapson, LD Martel, Passionate Love and Sexual Desire RW Levenson, J Soto, N Pole, Emotion, Biology, and Culture AJ Marsella, AM Yamada, Culture and Psychopathology: Foundations, Issues, and Directions Part 7 Commentaries from Two Perspectives RA Shweder, An Anthropological Perspective: The Revival of Cultural Psychology - Some Premonitions and Reflections RE Nisbett, A Psychological Perspective: Cultural Psychology - Past, Present, and Future Part 8 Epilogue D Cohen, S Kitayama, Cultural Psychology: This Stanza and the Next

Patterns of individualism and collectivism across the United States

Abstract: Although the individualism-collectivism dimension is usually examined in a U.S. versus Asian context, there is variation within the United States. The authors created an eight-item index ranking states in terms of collectivist versus individualist tendencies. As predicted, collectivist tendencies were strongest in the Deep South, and individualist tendencies were strongest in the Mountain West and Great Plains. In Part 2, convergent validity for the index was obtained by showing that state collectivism scores predicted variation in individual attitudes, as measured by a national survey, In Part 3, the index was used to explore the relationship between individualism-collectivism and a variety of demographic, economic, cultural, and health-related variables. The index may be used to complement traditional measures of collectivism and individualism and may be of use to scholars seeking a construct to account for unique U.S. regional variation.

Within- and between-culture variation: Individual differences and the cultural logics of honor, face, and dignity cultures.

Abstract: The CuPS (Culture × Person × Situation) approach attempts to jointly consider culture and individual differences, without treating either as noise and without reducing one to the other. Culture is important because it helps define psychological situations and create meaningful clusters of behavior according to particular logics. Individual differences are important because individuals vary in the extent to which they endorse or reject a culture's ideals. Further, because different cultures are organized by different logics, individual differences mean something different in each. Central to these studies are concepts of honor-related violence and individual worth as being inalienable versus socially conferred. We illustrate our argument with 2 experiments involving participants from honor, face, and dignity cultures. The studies showed that the same "type" of person who was most helpful, honest, and likely to behave with integrity in one culture was the "type" of person least likely to do so in another culture. We discuss how CuPS can provide a rudimentary but integrated approach to understanding both within- and between-culture variation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en

The WEIRDest People in the World

Abstract: Behavioral scientists routinely publish broad claims about human psychology and behavior in the world's top journals based on samples drawn entirely from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) societies. Researchers - often implicitly - assume that either there is little variation across human populations, or that these "standard subjects" are as representative of the species as any other population. Are these assumptions justified? Here, our review of the comparative database from across the behavioral sciences suggests both that there is substantial variability in experimental results across populations and that WEIRD subjects are particularly unusual compared with the rest of the species - frequent outliers. The domains reviewed include visual perception, fairness, cooperation, spatial reasoning, categorization and inferential induction, moral reasoning, reasoning styles, self-concepts and related motivations, and the heritability of IQ. The findings suggest that members of WEIRD societies, including young children, are among the least representative populations one could find for generalizing about humans. Many of these findings involve domains that are associated with fundamental aspects of psychology, motivation, and behavior - hence, there are no obvious a priori grounds for claiming that a particular behavioral phenomenon is universal based on sampling from a single subpopulation. Overall, these empirical patterns suggests that we need to be less cavalier in addressing questions of human nature on the basis of data drawn from this particularly thin, and rather unusual, slice of humanity. We close by proposing ways to structurally re-organize the behavioral sciences to best tackle these challenges.

Rethinking individualism and collectivism: evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses.

Abstract: Are Americans more individualistic and less collectivistic than members of other groups? The authors summarize plausible psychological implications of individualism-collectivism (IND-COL), meta-analyze cross-national and within-United States IND-COL differences, and review evidence for effects of IND-COL on self-concept, well-being, cognition, and relationality. European Americans were found to be both more individualistic-valuing personal independence more-and less collectivistic-feeling duty to in-groups less-than others. However, European Americans were not more individualistic than African Americans, or Latinos, and not less collectivistic than Japanese or Koreans. Among Asians, only Chinese showed large effects, being both less individualistic and more collectivistic. Moderate IND-COL effects were found on self-concept and relationality, and large effects were found on attribution and cognitive style.

Economics and Identity

Abstract: This paper considers how identity, a person's sense of self, affects economic outcomes. We incorporate the psychology and sociology of identity into an economic model of behavior. In the utility function we propose, identity is associated with different social categories and how people in these categories should behave. We then construct a simple game-theoretic model showing how identity can affect individual interactions. The paper adapts these models to gender discrimination in the workplace, the economics of poverty and social exclusion, and the household division of labor. In each case, the inclusion of identity substantively changes conclusions of previous economic analysis.

Thinking fast and slow.

Abstract: In 1974 an article appeared in Science magazine with the dry-sounding title “Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases” by a pair of psychologists who were not well known outside their discipline of decision theory. In it Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman introduced the world to Prospect Theory, which mapped out how humans actually behave when faced with decisions about gains and losses, in contrast to how economists assumed that people behave. Prospect Theory turned Economics on its head by demonstrating through a series of ingenious experiments that people are much more concerned with losses than they are with gains, and that framing a choice from one perspective or the other will result in decisions that are exactly the opposite of each other, even if the outcomes are monetarily the same. Prospect Theory led cognitive psychology in a new direction that began to uncover other human biases in thinking that are probably not learned but are part of our brain’s wiring.