E. Ariano

TL;DR: This study helps define and confirm relationships between different exposure determinants, which can be used in the development of tools for risk assessment of exposure to pesticides in small and medium sized enterprises.

TL;DR: Based on the combination of toxicity indices and exposure indices it is possible to obtain semiquantitative estimates of the risk levels experienced by the workers in the exposure scenarios considered, and a proof of principle example of this approach is the subject of this article.

TL;DR: An accurate estimate of the absorbed dose, carried out considering the real duration of exposure, can result in a higher correlation with a biomarker of occupational exposure, such as urine ETU, or at least yield more accurate results.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that exposure to mancozeb is low if safe occupational hygiene procedures are adopted and ETU is confirmed as suitable biological marker of occupational exposure toMancozeb, but the absence of biological exposure limits significantly reduces the possibility to interpret biological monitoring results in occupationally exposed workers.

TL;DR: The results show that the dermal contamination in road pavers is higher than in ground construction operators and that cutaneous dose rate isHigher than respiratory dose rate, whereas the amount of absorption the ratio is inverted.