E. B. Newman

Bio: E. B. Newman is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Loudness & Mel scale. The author has an hindex of 6, co-authored 6 publications receiving 1375 citations.

A Scale for the Measurement of the Psychological Magnitude Pitch

Abstract: A subjective scale for the measurement of pitch was constructed from determinations of the half‐value of pitches at various frequencies. This scale differs from both the musical scale and the frequency scale, neither of which is subjective. Five observers fractionated tones of 10 different frequencies at a loudness level of 60 db. From these fractionations a numerical scale was constructed which is proportional to the perceived magnitude of subjective pitch. In numbering the scale the 1000‐cycle tone was assigned the pitch of 1000 subjective units (mels). The close agreement of the pitch scale with an integration of the differential thresholds (DL's) shows that, unlike the DL's for loudness, all DL's for pitch are of uniform subjective magnitude. The agreement further implies that pitch and differential sensitivity to pitch are both rectilinear functions of extent on the basilar membrane. The correspondence of the pitch scale and the experimentally determined location of the resonant areas of the basilar membrane suggests that, in cutting a pitch in half, the observer adjusts the tone until it stimulates a position half‐way from the original locus to the apical end of the membrane. Measurement of the subjective size of musical intervals (such as octaves) in terms of the pitch scale shows that the intervals become larger as the frequency of the mid‐point of the interval increases (except in the two highest audible octaves). This result confirms earlier judgments as to the relative size of octaves in different parts of the frequency range.

Factors in the Production of Aural Harmonics and Combination Tones

Abstract: The magnitudes of the aural harmonics and combination tones produced in the ears of cats and guinea pigs in response to pure tonal stimuli were measured electrically The cochlear potentials were sampled by an electrode applied to the round window and thence conducted through suitable amplifiers to an electrical wave analyzer (General Radio) The wave analyzer measured the energy present at any frequency in the cochlear response The functions relating the magnitudes of the first five harmonics to the intensity of the pure tonal stimulus were determined The harmonics first appear at about 50 db above the threshold and thereafter grow more rapidly than the fundamental as a function of intensity Several differences in the behavior of the odd and even harmonics reveal the characteristics of the constraining mechanisms responsible for the production of the aural harmonics Simultaneous stimulation of the ear by two tones (700 and 1200 cycles) produces a cochlear potential out of which not only the several h

librosa: Audio and Music Signal Analysis in Python

Abstract: This document describes version 0.4.0 of librosa: a Python pack- age for audio and music signal processing. At a high level, librosa provides implementations of a variety of common functions used throughout the field of music information retrieval. In this document, a brief overview of the library's functionality is provided, along with explanations of the design goals, software development practices, and notational conventions.

Discharge Patterns of Single Fibers in the Cat's Auditory Nerve

Abstract: Discharge patterns of single fibers in cat auditory nerve in response to controlled acoustic stimuli