E. P. Hodgkin

Bio: E. P. Hodgkin is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Microfilaria. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 2 publications receiving 29 citations.

Two microfilariae of the Kra monkey (Macaca irus)

Abstract: Two species of microfilariae have been found in Kra monkeys from the Perak river. One contained larvae apparently identical with those of Mf. malayi: this is of interest as should this identity be actual the adult should soon be found, and the existence of a reservoir host established. The other contained a large unsheathed microfilaria, possibly an undescribed species, and almost certainly of no medical importance.

Brugian filariasis: epidemiological and experimental studies.

Abstract: Publisher Summary Filarial nematodes are arthropod-borne parasites, which sometimes cause serious disease in man and animals. The most important filarial worms of man are Onchocerca volvulus, the cause of river-blindness and severe skin disease, and Wuchereria bancrofti, the cause of tropical elephantiasis and hydrocoel. Another serious pathogen of man is Brugia malayi (B. malayi), and its distribution is limited to Asia. There are two well-defined strains of B. malayi, which differ in their microfilarial periodicity patterns. The nocturnally subperiodic strain is found in the dense swamp forest where its mosquito vectors prefer to feed at night but also bite during the day. The nocturnally periodic strain of B. malayi is found in the open plains where the vectors feed only at night. The correlation between peak peripheral microfilaraemia and peak biting time suggests that filarial nematodes have adapted their periodicity patterns to vector periodicity patterns for facilitating their transmission by mosquitoes. Nocturnally subperiodic B. malayi is common in wild monkeys, and this led to the assumption that it is zoonotic. Mansonia mosquitoes, the vectors of subperiodic B. malayi, feed on a variety of animal hosts, including man. The chapter presents the vector-parasite and definitive host–parasite relationships.

On the adult morphology of Wuchereria sp. (malayi?) from a monkey (Macaca irus) and from cats in Malaya, and on Wuchereria pahangi n.sp. from a dog and a cat.

Abstract: Adult specimens or parts of specimens of Wuchereria were recovered from the lymphatic systems of a Kra monkey (Macaca irus) (1), domestic cats (4), a dog (1) and a Slow Loris (N. coucang), from areas of endemic human filariasis in Pahang, Malaya.Morphological studies on this material revealed a new species, herein named W. pahangi, in the dog and in one cat; a species in the Kra monkey which is close to and probably identical with adults of W. malayi as described by Bonne el at. (1941) from man in Indonesia; but its relationships, and also those of the species from man in Indonesia, with the W. malayi described by Rao & Maplestone (1939) in India need further investigation. Three cats harboured a species which is close to that in the Kra monkey but its identity is sub judice until further material is available. Fragments only of a female worm, which included the tail, were recovered from the Slow Loris. It is thought that this material may be the new species W. pahangi.

The identification of infective filarial larvae in mosquitoes: with a note on the species found in "wild" mosquitoes on the Kenya coast.

Abstract: 1. At least twenty-two species of filarial worms are known to develop in mosquitoes. Filarial larvae of non-human origin must often be present in mosquitoes dissected during filariasis surveys yet the larvae seen are commonly assumed to be of human origin.2. On Pate island off the Kenya coast where bancroftian filariasis is prevalent, several distinct species of infective larvae were found in mosquitoes both in the houses and in the bush. Seven species of filarial worms were found in the local animals and a collection of known infective larvae was made by feeding mosquitoes on these different infections. A study of the material in this “reference collection” showed that many of the larvae in “wild” mosquitoes could be identified with confidence.3. A technique has been developed for the dissection of preserved and stained mosquitoes; this method has many advantages and can be used in routine filariasis surveys.4. The characters which were most useful in differentiating the infective larvae were: the length; the position of the anus; and the shape of the caudal extremity. Eight species of infective larvae were available for study, these are described and illustrated: W. bancrofti, W. malayi, W. pahangi, W. patei, D. corynodes, D. repens, D. immitis and S. equina. The literature dealing with a further fourteen species is reviewed.5. A simple key has been produced to help identify the species of infective larvae found in mosquitoes.6. On the Kenya coast W. bancrofti infective larvae have been found only in C. fatigans, A. gambiae and A. funestus. Infective larvae of animal origin which might easily be mistaken for those of W. bancrofti have been found in Ae. pembaensis, Ae. aegypti, M. uniformis and M. africanus.7. Formulae for transmission indices based on infection rates in insect vectors are of little value unless there is confidence in specific identification.8. A study of the infective larvae in Simulium neavei from an onchocerciasis area in Uganda has shown that not all the larvae are of human origin. A closer examination of the morphology of infective larvae in the vectors of filarial parasites of man in other areas will almost certainly show that the interpretation of infection rates may be complicated by the presence of infections of nonhuman origin.9. Feeding experiments were carried out with Aedes pembaensis and Ac. aegypti on a donkey infected with Setaria equina; both of these mosquitoes proved to be suitable vectors of this filarial worm.

Ecological relationships between parasites and primates

Abstract: IX. CONTENTS Introduction Number of Species of Infected Primates and Their Helminth Parasites Genera of Helminth Parasites Peculiar to Primates Helminth Parasites of Monkeys and Apes Occuring in Common with Man Number of Species of Helminth Parasites in Monkeys and Apes Helminth Parasites of Primates in Japan Distribution of Helminth Parasites Among Primates Intermediate Hosts of Helminth Parasites of Primates Summary and Conclusion