E. Reisinger

Bio: E. Reisinger is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Membrane & Dialysis tubing. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 7 publications receiving 37 citations.

[Ion-selective electro-analyser with tubular solid contact flow-through sensors for continuous bioelectrochemically controlled hemodialysis of K+, Na+, Ca2+, Cl- and pH].

Abstract: An ion-selective electroanalyzer for bio-electrochemically controlled hemodialysis will be described. The bedside analysers are solid-contact flow-through electrodes based on tubular carrier-PVC-membranes for potassium, sodium, calcium and chloride. This multi-measurement system with series-connected biosensors in modular construction is provided with a chemosensor for pH measurements. Besides the technical aspects of the apparatus, the quantitative electrode characteristics and the fundamental basis for the application of ion activities in clinical analytic measurement will be described.

[Long-functioning beta-D-glucose and L-lactate biosensors for continuous flow-through measurements for "fouling"-resistant and selectivity-optimized serum- and hemoanalysis].

Abstract: Bioelectrochemical membrane-electrodes for O2-sensitive enzymatic flow-through analysis of beta-D-glucose and L-lactate are described. The enzyme-membranes of the biosensors consist of glucose-oxidase or lactate-oxidase molecules cross-linked with glutardialdehyde between two dialysis membranes. The accuracy of the biosensors is demonstrated by electroanalysis of diluted control serum and compared with redox-mediator-free H2O2 detection and photometric methods. Continuous haemoanalysis of uncoagulated blood was carried out, using an intermediate carrier stream with additive systems. Tangential streaming to the miniaturized dialysis chamber with a circular channel minimizes blockage of the pores of the dialysis membrane by erythrocytes, leukocytes or protein. An oxygenator pump for the exchange of gases between the buffered solution of the intermediate carrier and the surrounding atmosphere guarantees a constant oxygen partial pressure within the carrier stream. The pulsations produced by the oxygenator pump are dampened by a miniature pressure balance chamber with an unsignificant dead space volume for protecting the enzyme membrane of the sensor. Glutardialdehyde inhibits growth of microorganisms and any resulting oxygen consumption, so that even in protein-containing measuring solutions enzyme electrodes can be used without interference from microbial contamination. The bioelectrochemical measuring system can therefore also be employed for the electroanalysis of fermentation solutions. For continuous flow-through measurements, it is necessary to change the glucose-oxidase membranes after 100-150 days, and the lactate-oxidase membranes after 3-6 weeks.

Langlebige ß-D-Glucose- und L-Lactat-Biosensoren für kontinuierliche Durchflußmessungen zur „fouling”-resistenten und selektivitätsoptimierten Serum- und Hämoanalytik

Abstract: Zusammenfassung: Es werden bioelektrochemische Membranelektroden zur O2-sensitiv-enzymatischen Durchflusanalyse von s-D-Glucose und L-Lactat beschrieben. Die Enzymmembranen der Biosensoren basieren auf der Quervernetzung von Glucose-Oxidaseoder Lactat-Oxidase-Molekulen durch Glutardialdehyd zwischen zwei Dialysemembranen. Anhand einer Gegenuberstellung zur redoxmediatorfreien H2O2-Detektion und im Vergleich zu photometrischen Bestimmungsmethoden wird ihre Verlaslichkeit in der Elektroanalytik verdunnter Seren durch die Vermessung von Richtigkeitskontrollseren demonstriert. Die kontinuierliche Hamoanalytik im ungerinnbaren Blut erfolgt nach dem Prinzip der Zwischentrageranalyse auf der Basis von Additivsystemen. Die tangentiale Anstromung des Miniatur-Dialysators mit zirkularer Kanalfuhrung minimiert eine Porenverlegung der Dialysemembran durch Erythrocyten, Leukocyten oder Proteine. Eine Oxigenatorpumpe zum Gasaustausch zwischen der gepufferten Tragerlosung und der umgebenden Atmosphare ist der Garant fur einen konstanten Sauerstoffpartialdruck im Carrierstrom. Die durch die Oxigenatorpumpe erzeugten Pulsationen werden durch eine miniaturisierte Druckausgleichskammer mit vernachlassigbarem Totraumvolumen fur die Enzymmembran des Sensors gedampft. Glutardialdehyd wirkt als Hemmstoff fur mikrobielles Wachstum im Kanalsystem und beugt damit einer unerwunschten Sauerstoffzehrung durch Mikroorganismen vor, so das auch in proteinhaltigen Mesmedien eine „fouling-resistente Applikation der Etizymelektroden ermoglicht wird. Daher kann das bioelektrochemische Messystem auch in anderen Medien wie Fermentationslosungen zur Elektroanalytik eingesetzt werden. Bei kontinuierlichem Durchflusbetrieb wurde ein Wechsel der Glucose^Oxidase-Membranen nach 100 bis 150 Tagen und der Lactat-Oxidase-Membranen nach 3 bis 6 Wochen vorgenommen.

Cation selective tubular carrier‐PVC‐membranes containing polymeric plasticizer with low tendency of migration for Solid State Contact Electrodes

Abstract: The lifetime of cation selective carrier-PVC-membranes partially depends on the components' remaining in the membrane. An exchange of monomeric by polymeric plasticizers with low tendency to migrate lengthens the function time drastically. Other than for Na+ - and NH-selective membranes, it is essential for K+ - and Ca2+-selective membranes and optional for H+-selective membranes to incorporate lipophilic anions in order to make the phase transfer catalysis more efficient. The resistence to saponification of phthalic acid polyester gives H+-selective membranes a high stability of measured values even in the alkaline range. For anion selective PVC-membranes, instead of cation selective plasticizers the plasticizing qualities of a liquid charged ligand should be used. The tubular carrier-PVC-membranes of our ion selective flow through measuring systems are diffusion welded to the ends of two PVC-tubes [1] so that they are absolutely tight with no risk of potential leakage. Migration of the membrane components plasticizer and ionophore across this border as well as their extraction [2, 3] into the measuring solution [4] will naturally reduce the membrane's functionning time [5].

Harnstoff-Durchflusssensor zur ammoniumselektiv-enzymatischen Prozesskontrolle der Künstlichen Niere

Abstract: Von J. G. Schindler \ M. M. Schindler , K. Herna \ E. Reisinger , B. Burk ', U. Kuhlmann , J. Knaack , B. Schmidt und H. Lange 3 1 Institut fur Normale und Pathologische Physiologie, Projekt Biomedizinische Technik und Bioelektrochemische Membranelektroden, Philipps-Universitat, Marburg/Lahn, Germany 2 Schindler Biound Chemosensoren Forschungslabor, Marburg/Lahn 3 Medizinisches Zentrum fur Innere Medizin, Abteilung Nephrologie, Philipps-Universitatt Marburg/Lahn

Enzyme immobilization for use in biofuel cells and sensors

Abstract: Disclosed are bioanodes comprising a quaternary ammonium treated Nation® polymer membrane and a dehydrogenase incorporated within the treated Nation® polymer. The dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of an organic fuel and reduces an adenine dinucleotide. The ion conducting polymer membrane lies juxtaposed to a polymethylene green redox polymer membrane, which serves to electro-oxidize the reduced adenine dinucleotide. The bioanode is used in a fuel cell to produce high power densities.

Immobilized enzymes in biocathodes

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved biofuel cell having a cathode comprising a dual function membrane, which contains an oxygen oxidoreductase enzyme immobilized within a buffered compartment of the membrane and an electron transport mediator which transfers electrons from an electron conducting electrode to the redox reaction catalyzed by the oxygen oxidoreductase enzyme. The improved biofuel cell also has an anode that contains an oxidoreductase enzyme that uses an organic fuel, such as alcohol, as a substrate. An electric current can flow between the anode and the cathode.

Hemodialysis machines and monitors

Abstract: The last decade has seen not only an enormous growth in the number of hemodialysis patients but also a concomitant growth in the number of hemodialysis machines produced every year by fewer companies than 10 years ago. Because the risk of accidents increases with the number of different machines in the field, standard organizations and government authorities worldwide have issued standards and laws that regulate the design of hemodialysis machines. Both effects have slowed the development of new concepts and the effective use of modern technology in hemodialysis machines. The extracorporeal circuit has remained unchanged for more than twenty years. Bicarbonate dialysis with single patient machines and volumetric ultrafiltration control which were developed in the late 70s took more than 10 years to be generally accepted. Cost pressure has been an effective driving force for the introduction of new technology. High-efficiency dialysis was introduced in order to reduce treatment time. Underdialysis of many patients was the result because in many cases the shortening of the treatment time was not sufficiently compensated for by the increased efficacy of the dialysis process

Microfluidic biofuel cell

Abstract: Microfluidic biofuel cells comprising a bioanode and/or a biocathode are formed using microfluidic principles and soft lithography. The enzymes utilized in the redox reactions at the bioanode and/or the biocathode are stabilized in a micellar or inverted micellar structure. The biofuel cell is used to produce high power densities.