Author
Edith L. Taylor
Bio: Edith L. Taylor is an academic researcher from Ohio State University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Permian & Fremouw Formation. The author has an hindex of 25, co-authored 51 publications receiving 2892 citations.
Topics: Permian, Fremouw Formation, Gondwana, Fern, Pollen
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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Book•
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: This book provides up-to-date coverage of fossil plants from Precambrian life to flowering plants, including fungi and algae, and major groups of land plants both living and extinct.
Abstract: This book provides up-to-date coverage of fossil plants from Precambrian life to flowering plants, including fungi and algae. It begins with a discussion of geologic time, how organisms are preserved in the rock record, and how organisms are studied and interpreted and takes the student through all the relevant uses and interpretations of fossil plants. With new chapters on additional flowering plant families, paleoecology and the structure of ancient plant communities, fossil plants as proxy records for paleoclimate, new methodologies used in phylogenetic reconstruction and the addition of new fossil plant discoveries since 1993, this book provides the most comprehensive account of the geologic history and evolution of microbes, algae, fungi, and plants through time. * Major revision of a 1993 classic reference * Lavishly illustrated with 1,800 images and user friendly for use by paleobotanists, biologists, geologists and other related scientists * Includes an expanded glossary with an extensive up-to-date bibliography and a comprehensive index * Provides extensive coverage of fungi and other microbes, and major groups of land plants both living and extinct
854 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: The structure and organization of vascular plants early land plants with conducting tissue lycopods sphenophytes ferns progymnosperms origin and evolution of the seed habit, and plant/animal interactions.
Abstract: Precambrian life fungi, bacteria and lichens algae bryophytes terrestrialization of the land the structure and organization of vascular plants early land plants with conducting tissue lycopods sphenophytes ferns progymnosperms origin and evolution of the seed habit palaeozoic seed ferns mesozoic seed ferns palaeozoic and mesozoic foliage cycadophytes ginkgophytes gymnsoperms with obscure affinities cordaites conifers flowering plants plant/animal interactions.
620 citations
TL;DR: The trunks are permineralized and tree rings reveal that the forest was a rapidly growing and young forest, persisting in an equable, strongly seasonal climate—a scenario that does not fit with some climate reconstructions for this time period.
Abstract: An in situ Upper Permian fossil forest in the central Transantarctic Mountains near the Beardmore Glacier includes 15 permineralized trunks in growth position; the paleolatitude of the site was approximately 80° to 85° south. Numerous leaves of the seed fern Glossopteris are present in the shale in which the trunks are rooted. The trunks are permineralized and tree rings reveal that the forest was a rapidly growing and young forest, persisting in an equable, strongly seasonal climate—a scenario that does not fit with some climate reconstructions for this time period.
103 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: In this article, the current status of paleobiology, principally paleobotany and palynology in Antarctica, and the interrelationship of Antarctic floras to those of other Gondwana continents are discussed.
Abstract: Discusses the current status of paleobiology, principally paleobotany and palynology in Antarctica, and the interrelationship of Antarctic floras to those of other Gondwana continents. It provides a broad coverage of the major groups of plants on the one hand, while on the other seeking to evaluate the vegetational history and the physical and biological parameters that influence the distribution of floras through time and space. The biologic activity is discussed within a framework of the geologic history, including the tectonic and paleogeographic history of the region. In addition, it includes will find a comprehensive bibliography of Gondwana paleobotany and palynology.
91 citations
TL;DR: Silicified peat is known from two sites in the central Transantarctic Mountains as mentioned in this paper, both of which are within a 2km-thick Permo-Triassic sandstone-shale sequence that was deposited by braided streams in a rapidly subsiding foreland basin along the paleo-Pacific margin of Antarctica Upper Permian permineralized peat occurs as scattered boulders just above a channel-form sandstone in the upper part of the Buckley Formation on Skaar Ridge overlooking the Beardmore Glacier These boulders are erosional remnants
84 citations
Cited by
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University of Tasmania1, Yale University2, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution3, University of California, Santa Barbara4, University of São Paulo5, University of Cape Town6, South Dakota State University7, Columbia University8, California Institute of Technology9, University of Bristol10, University of California, Los Angeles11, United States Geological Survey12, University of California, Berkeley13, Monash University14, Brown University15, Ohio State University16, Royal Holloway, University of London17, University of Arizona18, VU University Amsterdam19, Arizona State University20
TL;DR: What is known and what is needed to develop a holistic understanding of the role of fire in the Earth system are reviewed, particularly in view of the pervasive impact of fires and the likelihood that they will become increasingly difficult to control as climate changes.
Abstract: Fire is a worldwide phenomenon that appears in the geological record soon after the appearance of terrestrial plants. Fire influences global ecosystem patterns and processes, including vegetation distribution and structure, the carbon cycle, and climate. Although humans and fire have always coexisted, our capacity to manage fire remains imperfect and may become more difficult in the future as climate change alters fire regimes. This risk is difficult to assess, however, because fires are still poorly represented in global models. Here, we discuss some of the most important issues involved in developing a better understanding of the role of fire in the Earth system.
2,365 citations
TL;DR: It is hypothesised that roots gradually evolved from rhizomes to provide more suitable habitats for mycorrhizal fungi and provide plants with complex branching and leaves with water and nutrients.
Abstract: Summary Here, the coevolution of mycorrhizal fungi and roots is assessed in the light of evidence now available, from palaeobotanical and morphological studies and the analysis of DNA-based phylogenies. The first bryophyte-like land plants, in the early Devonian (400 million years ago), had endophytic associations resembling vesicular‐ arbuscular mycorrhizas (VAM) even before roots evolved. Mycorrhizal evolution would have progressed from endophytic hyphae towards balanced associations where partners were interdependent due to the exchange of limiting energy and nutrient resources. Most mycorrhizas are mutualistic, but in some cases the trend for increasing plant control of fungi culminates in the exploitative mycorrhizas of achlorophyllous, mycoheterotrophic plants. Ectomycorrhizal, ericoid and orchid mycorrhizas, as well as nonmycorrhizal roots, evolved during the period of rapid angiosperm radiation in the Cretaceous. It is hypothesised that roots gradually evolved from rhizomes to provide more suitable habitats for mycorrhizal fungi and provide plants with complex branching and leaves with water and nutrients. Selection pressures have caused the morphological divergence of roots with different types of mycorrizas. Root cortex thickness and exodermis suberization are greatest in obligately mycorrhizal plants, while nonmycorrhizal plants tend to have fine roots, with more roots hairs and relatively advanced chemical defences. Major coevolutionary trends and the relative success of plants with different root types are discussed.
1,308 citations
TL;DR: A recent surge of interest in palaeobotanical discoveries and advances in the systematics of living plants provides a revised perspective on the evolution of early land plants and suggests new directions for future research.
Abstract: The origin and early evolution of land plants in the mid-Palaeozoic era, between about 480 and 360 million years ago, was an important event in the history of life, with far-reaching consequences for the evolution of terrestrial organisms and global environments. A recent surge of interest, catalysed by palaeobotanical discoveries and advances in the systematics of living plants, provides a revised perspective on the evolution of early land plants and suggests new directions for future research.
1,257 citations
TL;DR: Fossilized fungal hyphae and spores from the Ordovician of Wisconsin strongly resemble modern arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomales, Zygomycetes), indicating that Glomales-like fungi were present at a time when the land flora most likely only consisted of plants on the bryophytic level.
Abstract: Fossilized fungal hyphae and spores from the Ordovician of Wisconsin (with an age of about 460 million years) strongly resemble modern arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomales, Zygomycetes). These fossils indicate that Glomales-like fungi were present at a time when the land flora most likely only consisted of plants on the bryophytic level. Thus, these fungi may have played a crucial role in facilitating the colonization of land by plants, and the fossils support molecular estimates of fungal phylogeny that place the origin of the major groups of terrestrial fungi (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Glomales) around 600 million years ago.
1,045 citations
TL;DR: Endophytes are a novel source of potentially useful medicinal compounds and an intensive search for newer and more effective agents to deal with health problems caused by various cancers, drug-resistant bacteria, parasitic protozoans, and fungi is under way.
898 citations