Edson Campanhola Bortoluzzi

Bio: Edson Campanhola Bortoluzzi is an academic researcher from Universidade de Passo Fundo. The author has contributed to research in topics: Soil water & Clay minerals. The author has an hindex of 20, co-authored 60 publications receiving 924 citations. Previous affiliations of Edson Campanhola Bortoluzzi include Institut national de la recherche agronomique & Universidade Federal de Santa Maria.

Alterações de atributos do solo pela calagem superficial e incorporada a partir de pastagem natural

Abstract: A aplicacao superficial de calcario pode ser uma alternativa para a correcao da acidez do solo sob plantio direto. Este trabalho avaliou as modificacoes em alguns atributos quimicos provocadas pela aplicacao de calcario superficial e incorporado ao solo a partir de pastagem natural. O experimento foi feito na area Experimental do Departamento de Solos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (RS), num Argissolo Acinzentado distrofico plintico. Os tratamentos, com 0,0, 2,0, 8,5 e 17,0 t ha-1 de calcario incorporado na camada de 0-20 cm e em superficie, foram distribuidos em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repeticoes. Aos 24 meses, reaplicou-se em superficie a dose no tratamento de 2,0 t ha-1. Aos 6, 18, 36 e 48 meses da aplicacao do calcario, coletaram-se amostras de solo nas profundidades de 0,0-2,5; 2,5-5,0; 5,0-10,0 e 10,0-15,0 cm. Avaliaram-se os atributos quimicos relacionados com a acidez do solo. A correcao da acidez do solo foi proporcional a dose de calcario aplicada, independentemente do modo de aplicacao. A aplicacao de calcario superficial criou uma frente de correcao da acidez em profundidade proporcional a dose e ao tempo. Foram necessarios 36 meses para que a saturacao com aluminio atingisse nivel proximo de zero na camada de 0,0-2,5 cm com a aplicacao de 2,0 + 2,0 t ha-1; 36 meses para a camada 2,5-5,0 cm com 8,5 t ha-1; e 48 meses para a camada 5,0-10,0 cm com 17,0 t ha-1.

Investigation of the occurrence of pesticide residues in rural wells and surface water following application to tobacco

Abstract: In this work the exposure of wells and surface water to pesticides, commonly used for tobacco cropping, was assessed. Water consumption wells and surface water flows were sampled at different times. After a preconcentration step with solid phase extraction (SPE), the selected pesticides were determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) or high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). No pesticides were detected in the well water samples and surface water flow in the winter season. However, in the spring and summer higher concentrations of chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid were found in the water source samples. Atrazine, simazine and clomazone were also found. The occurrence of pesticides in collected water samples was related with the application to tobacco.

Contaminação de águas superficiais por agrotóxicos em função do uso do solo numa microbacia hidrográfica de Agudo, RS

Abstract: Realizou-se este trabalho com o intuito de quantificar a presenca de moleculas de agrotoxicos em aguas superficiais de tres unidades paisagisticas (UP) com diferentes configuracoes de uso, numa microbacia hidrografica de cabeceira em Agudo, RS. Dois coletores semi-automaticos de agua foram instalados no corrego de cada UP, onde se coletaram amostras, por ocasiao de chuvas, em tres epocas da cultura do fumo: transplante, aterramento junto aos pes da cultura (planta com 6-10 folhas) e colheita. Os principios ativos imidacloprid, atrazina, simazina e clomazone foram quantificados por Cromatografia Liquida de Alta Eficiencia com Deteccao no Ultravioleta (HPLC-UV). Clorpirifos, flumetralin e iprodione foram analisados por Cromatografia Gasosa com Deteccao por Captura de Eletrons (GC-ECD), porem nao apresentaram concentracoes detectaveis nas amostras. Os pontos de coleta cuja UP se configurou com a presenca de lavouras com fumo e de reduzida mata ciliar, mostraram pelo menos um principio ativo de agrotoxico e em uma epoca; contudo, nenhum agrotoxico foi detectado na UP, que se apresentou totalmente coberta com vegetacao permanente ou com expressiva protecao dos corregos pela mata ciliar.

Fecal Contamination of Drinking-Water in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract: Background: access to safe drinking-water is a fundamental requirement for good health and is also a human right. Global access to safe drinking-water is monitored by WHO and UNICEF using as an indicator “use of an improved source,” which does not account for water quality measurements. Our objectives were to determine whether water from “improved” sources is less likely to contain fecal contamination than “unimproved” sources and to assess the extent to which contamination varies by source type and setting. Methods and findings: studies in Chinese, English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish were identified from online databases, including PubMed and Web of Science, and grey literature. Studies in low- and middle-income countries published between 1990 and August 2013 that assessed drinking-water for the presence of Escherichia coli or thermotolerant coliforms (TTC) were included provided they associated results with a particular source type. In total 319 studies were included, reporting on 96,737 water samples. The odds of contamination within a given study were considerably lower for “improved” sources than “unimproved” sources (odds ratio [OR] = 0.15 [0.10–0.21], I2 = 80.3% [72.9–85.6]). However over a quarter of samples from improved sources contained fecal contamination in 38% of 191 studies. Water sources in low-income countries (OR = 2.37 [1.52–3.71]; p Conclusion: access to an “improved source” provides a measure of sanitary protection but does not ensure water is free of fecal contamination nor is it consistent between source types or settings. International estimates therefore greatly overstate use of safe drinking-water and do not fully reflect disparities in access. An enhanced monitoring strategy would combine indicators of sanitary protection with measures of water quality

Potassium: a neglected nutrient in global change.

Abstract: Aim Potassium (K) is the second most abundant nutrient in plant photosynthetic tissues after nitrogen (N). Thousands of physiological and metabolic studies in recent decades have established the fundamental role of K in plant function, especially in water-use efficiency and economy, and yet macroecological studies have mostly overlooked this nutrient. Methods We have reviewed available studies on the content, stoichiometry and roles of K in the soil–plant system and in terrestrial ecosystems. We have also reviewed the impacts of global change drivers on K content, stoichiometry and roles. Conclusions The current literature indicates that K, at a global level, is as limiting as N and phosphorus (P) for plant productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. Some degree of K limitation has been seen in up to 70% of all studied terrestrial ecosystems. However, in some areas atmospheric K deposition from human activities is greater than that from natural sources. We are far from understanding the K fluxes between the atmosphere and land, and the role of anthropogenic activities in these fluxes. The increasing aridity expected in wide areas of the world makes K more critical through its role in water-use efficiency. N deposition exerts a strong impact on the ecosystem K cycle, decreasing K availability and increasing K limitation. Plant invasive success is enhanced by higher soil K availability, especially in environments without strong abiotic stresses. The impacts of other drivers of global change, such as increasing atmospheric CO2 or changes in land use, remain to be elucidated. Current models of the responses of ecosystems and carbon storage to projected global climatic and atmospheric changes are now starting to consider N and P, but they should also consider K, mostly in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.

Taking stock of the Brazilian "zero-till revolution": a review of landmark research and farmers' practice

Abstract: Two decades of extensive research and experimentation with zero‐till methods has allowed “ideal” zero‐till systems to emerge in Brazil, involving no soil turning, maintenance of a permanent vegetative cover, and rotations of both cash and cover crops. By exploiting rapid successions of suitable crops, for example, as well as through careful temporal and spatial planning, Brazilian examples show that it is possible to continuously cover soil, gradually increase soil organic matter (SOM) stocks, integrate livestock, move surface‐applied lime through the soil profile, break compact soil layers, and reduce reliance on agrochemicals in zero‐till, all under a variety of edaphic and climatic conditions, and levels of mechanization/farm sizes. Various such technologies and systems are reviewed in this chapter. However, we also note that among smallholder zero‐till farmers, for example, the adaptations of “ideal” zero‐till systems are manifold and complex, partial adoption of certain components and technologies rather than full adoption of zero‐till systems being the norm. By examining farmers' experiences and practice, we ascertain that in many cases there is perhaps a divorce between the ideal, originating mainly from individual technology research on agricultural research stations, and farmers' reality, given the complexity of socioeconomical constraints facing the latter. We conclude that although there is a wealth of valuable zero‐till experience and technologies precipitating from the Brazilian zero‐till “revolution,” numerous challenges in zero‐till research, especially in respect to resource‐poor smallholder farmers, still remain, and perhaps more holistic, participatory and adaptive on farm‐research is necessary in future. © 2006, Elsevier Inc.

Iron oxides and organic matter on soil phosphorus availability

Abstract: A continua expansao da producao agricola tem levado a uma crescente demanda de fertilizantes fosfatados. O conhecimento da dinâmica do fosforo no solo e suas interacoes com oxidos de ferro e materia orgânica podem ser uteis no desenvolvimento de estrategias eficientes para o manejo sustentavel, especialmente em um cenario de crescente escassez de fontes de minerais fosfatados. Nesta revisao bibliografica foi abordado a relacao do fosforo com oxidos de ferro e materia orgânica, e seu efeito na disponibilidade de fosforo. As culturas, normalmente, obtem fosfato de minerais intemperizados ou fertilizantes dissolvidos. No entanto, a quantidade de fosforo presente na solucao do solo depende das reacoes de adsorcao e dessorcao por oxidos de ferro, as quais podem ser influenciadas por interacoes com a materia orgânica. Portanto, os sistemas de recomendacao de fertilizantes com base em metodologias que consideram as interacoes entre componentes do solo, tais como oxidos e materia orgânica, e a capacidade de adsorcao de fosforo, resultantes de tais interacoes (por exemplo, analise de P remanescente), pode ser mais confiavel para garantir o uso eficiente e racional de fertilizantes fosfatados.