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Eduard Maron

Bio: Eduard Maron is an academic researcher from Imperial College London. The author has contributed to research in topics: Panic disorder & Anxiety. The author has an hindex of 29, co-authored 80 publications receiving 2364 citations. Previous affiliations of Eduard Maron include Tartu University Hospital & Centre for Mental Health.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were measured at baseline and at 4th and 12th week of the treatment and compared to cytokine concentrations in healthy volunteers.
Abstract: Alterations in the immune system may have importance for the pathophysiology of depression. Several studies have linked increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines to depression and depressive symptoms. There is growing evidence that antidepressive treatment may influence the production of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In the present study we aimed to find associations between the levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and the response to antidepressant treatment in patients with major depression. Our study group consisted of 100 patients (35 males and 65 females) who were treated with escitalopram 10-20 mg/day for 12 weeks. Responders and non-responders were identified according to Montgomery-Asberg's Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores. The levels of cytokines were measured at baseline and at 4th and 12th week of the treatment and compared to cytokine concentrations in healthy volunteers (n=45; 19 males and 26 females). Our data indicated that a higher level of TNF-alpha might predict a non-response to treatment with escitalopram and that changes in concentrations of sIL-2R during the treatment were different in responders and non-responders.

258 citations

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TL;DR: Although at present, none of the putative biomarkers for anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is sufficient and specific as a diagnostic tool, an abundance of high quality research has accumulated that should improve understanding of the neurobiological causes of anxiety disorders.
Abstract: Objective: Biomarkers are defined as anatomical, biochemical or physiological traits that are specific to certain disorders or syndromes. The objective of this paper is to summarise the current knowledge of biomarkers for anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Methods: Findings in biomarker research were reviewed by a task force of international experts in the field, consisting of members of the World Federation of Societies for Biological Psychiatry Task Force on Biological Markers and of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology Anxiety Disorders Research Network.Results: The present article (Part II) summarises findings on potential biomarkers in neurochemistry (neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine or GABA, neuropeptides such as cholecystokinin, neurokinins, atrial natriuretic peptide, or oxytocin, the HPA axis, neurotrophic factors such as NGF and BDNF, immunology and CO2 hypersensitivity), neurophysiology ...

212 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although at present, none of the putative biomarkers is sufficient and specific as a diagnostic tool, an abundance of high-quality research has accumulated that will improve the understanding of the neurobiological causes of anxiety disorders, OCD and PTSD.
Abstract: Objectives: Biomarkers are defined as anatomical, biochemical or physiological traits that are specific to certain disorders or syndromes. The objective of this paper is to summarise the current kn...

127 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It appears that, even if not the primary etiological factor in PD, the 5-HT function conveys important vulnerability, as well as adaptive factors, which may be critical in achieving progress in the treatment of patients suffering from PD.

104 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A meta-analysis of studies measuring cytokine concentration in patients with major depression reports significantly higher concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6 in depressed subjects compared with control subjects, strengthening evidence that depression is accompanied by activation of the IRS.

3,800 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: A rating scale for drug-induced akathisia has been derived that incorporates diagnostic criteria for pseudoakathisio, and mild, moderate, and severe akath isia, and there is an item for rating global severity.
Abstract: A rating scale for drug-induced akathisia has been derived that incorporates diagnostic criteria for pseudoakathisia, and mild, moderate, and severe akathisia. It comprises items for rating the observable, restless movements which characterise the condition, the subjective awareness of restlessness, and any distress associated with the akathisia. In addition, there is an item for rating global severity. A standard examination procedure is recommended. The inter-rater reliability for the scale items (Cohen's kappa) ranged from 0.738 to 0.955. Akathisia was found in eight of 42 schizophrenic in-patients, and nine had pseudoakathisia, where the typical sense of inner restlessness was not reported.

1,942 citations

29 Jan 2015
TL;DR: The current state of the genetic dissection of complex traits is summarized in this paper, which describes the methods, limitations, and recent applications to biological problems, including linkage analysis, allele-sharing methods, association studies, and polygenic analysis of experimental crosses.
Abstract: Medical genetics was revolutionized during the 1980s by the application of genetic mapping to locate the genes responsible for simple Mendelian diseases. Most diseases and traits, however, do not follow simple inheritance patterns. Geneticists have thus begun taking up the even greater challenge of the genetic dissection of complex traits. Four major approaches have been developed: linkage analysis, allele-sharing methods, association studies, and polygenic analysis of experimental crosses. This article synthesizes the current state of the genetic dissection of complex traits—describing the methods, limitations, and recent applications to biological problems.

1,805 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Overall, there were similarities in the pattern of cytokine alterations in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and MDD during acute and chronic phases of illness, raising the possibility of common underlying pathways for immune dysfunction.
Abstract: Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder (MDD) have all been associated with aberrant blood cytokine levels; however, neither the pattern of cytokine alterations nor the impact of clinical status have been compared across disorders. We performed a meta-analysis of blood cytokines in acutely and chronically ill patients with these major psychiatric disorders. Articles were identified by searching the PubMed, PsycInfo and Web of Science, and the reference lists of these studies. Sixty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria (40 schizophrenia, 10 bipolar disorder and 18 MDD) for acutely ill patients. Forty-six studies met the inclusion criteria (18 schizophrenia, 16 bipolar disorder and 12 MDD) for chronically ill patients. Levels of two cytokines (interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), one soluble cytokine receptor (sIL-2R), and one cytokine receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) were significantly increased in acutely ill patients with schizophrenia, bipolar mania and MDD compared with controls (P<0.01). Following treatment of the acute illness, IL-6 levels significantly decreased in both schizophrenia and MDD (P<0.01); sIL-2R levels increased in schizophrenia; and IL-1RA levels in bipolar mania decreased. In chronically ill patients, the levels of IL-6 were significantly increased in schizophrenia, euthymic (but not depressed) bipolar disorder and MDD compared with controls (P<0.01). The levels of IL-1β and sIL-2R were significantly increased in both chronic schizophrenia and euthymic bipolar disorder. Overall, there were similarities in the pattern of cytokine alterations in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and MDD during acute and chronic phases of illness, raising the possibility of common underlying pathways for immune dysfunction. Effects of treatment on cytokines were more robust for schizophrenia and MDD, but were more frequently studied than for acute mania. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of major psychiatric disorders.

1,106 citations

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TL;DR: The identification of known sources of inflammation provides support for inflammation as a mediating pathway to both risk and neuroprogression in depression.
Abstract: We now know that depression is associated with a chronic, low-grade inflammatory response and activation of cell-mediated immunity, as well as activation of the compensatory anti-inflammatory reflex system. It is similarly accompanied by increased oxidative and nitrosative stress (ON these include psychosocial stressors, poor diet, physical inactivity, obesity, smoking, altered gut permeability, atopy, dental cares, sleep and vitamin D deficiency. The identification of known sources of inflammation provides support for inflammation as a mediating pathway to both risk and neuroprogression in depression. Critically, most of these factors are plastic, and potentially amenable to therapeutic and preventative interventions. Most, but not all, of the above mentioned sources of inflammation may play a role in other psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism and post-traumatic stress disorder.

987 citations