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Author

Edward G. Pasanen

Bio: Edward G. Pasanen is an academic researcher from University of Texas at Austin. The author has contributed to research in topics: Otoacoustic emission & Poison control. The author has an hindex of 20, co-authored 44 publications receiving 1265 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In many conditions of listening, sensitivity to interaural time differences at high frequencies compares favorably with sensitivity at low frequencies—good performace requires only tens of microseconds of interaurally time delay.
Abstract: Sensitivity to interaural time differences at high frequencies is demonstrated in a number of experiments. Two types of waveforms are used—bands of noise and two‐tone complexes. Variables studied are rate and depth of fluctuation of the envelope, overall intensity, and additivity of interaural time information across frequency regions. In many conditions of listening, sensitivity to interaural time differences at high frequencies compares favorably with sensitivity at low frequencies—good performace requires only tens of microseconds of interaural time delay.Subject Classification: [43]65.62, [43]65.68.

218 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The CEOAEs of homosexual and bisexual females were found to be intermediate to those of heterosexual females and heterosexual males, which is a parsimonious explanation for the change in their sexual orientation.
Abstract: Click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs) are echo-like waveforms emitted by normal-hearing cochleas in response to a brief transient. CEOAEs are known to be stronger in females than in males. In this experiment, the CEOAEs of homosexual and bisexual females were found to be intermediate to those of heterosexual females and heterosexual males. A parsimonious explanation is that the auditory systems of homosexual and bisexual females, and the brain structures responsible for their sexual orientation, have been partially masculinized by exposure to high levels of androgens prenatally. No difference in CEOAEs was observed between homosexual and heterosexual males.

141 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Aspirin consumption reduced the amplitude of the evoked distortion products (EDPs) but did not eliminate them entirely, and at low primary levels, EDPs near the SOAE frequency were 10-20 dB higher than when they were 100 Hz away from theSOAE frequency.
Abstract: Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) of two types—spontaneous and evoked distortion products—were studied before, during, and following a period of aspirin use. As previously reported, aspirin consumption uniformly reduced the spontaneous OAEs (SOAEs) to unmeasurable or extremely low levels. Aspirin consumption also reduced the amplitude of the evoked distortion products (EDPs) but did not eliminate them entirely. The amplitude of the EDP and its change with aspirin consumption were related to both the proximity of the EDP to the frequency of the SOAE and to the level of the primaries producing the EDP. At low primary levels, even with the SOAE absent (due to aspirin consumption, or suppression), EDPs near the SOAE frequency were 10–20 dB higher than when they were 100 Hz away from the SOAE frequency.

101 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a model condition for sensorineural hearing loss, where the hearing loss is not asymmetrically distributed toward the high frequency region, as it typically is with mild sensorinaural deafness, and large individual differences in the amount of temporary hearing loss induced by fixed doses of aspirin.

97 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The SOAE and CEOAE data both suggest that the cochleas of homosexual and bisexual females have been partially masculinized, possibly as part of some prenatal processes that also masculinizes whatever brain structures are responsible for sexual orientation.
Abstract: Click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs) were previously shown to be significantly less strong in homosexual and bisexual females than in heterosexual females. Here it is reported that the spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) of those same 60 homosexual and bisexual females were less numerous and weaker than those in 57 heterosexual females. That is, the SOAEs of the homosexual and bisexual females were intermediate to those of heterosexual females and heterosexual males. The SOAE and CEOAE data both suggest that the cochleas of homosexual and bisexual females have been partially masculinized, possibly as part of some prenatal processes that also masculinized whatever brain structures are responsible for sexual orientation. For males of all sexual orientation, the SOAEs were less numerous and weaker than for the females, and there were no significant differences among the 56 heterosexual, 51 homosexual, and 11 bisexual males. All subjects passed a hearing screening test. When all SOAEs above 3000 Hz were excluded (as a control against incipient, undetected hearing loss) the same results were obtained as with the full range of data (550–9000 Hz). The differential use of oral contraceptives by the heterosexual and nonheterosexual females also could not explain the differences in their OAEs.

81 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Existing theories and their extrapolation are presented, together with some new potential mechanisms of tinnitus generation, encompassing the involvement of calcium and calcium channels in cochlear function, with implications for malfunction and aging of the auditory and vestibular systems.

1,370 citations

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TL;DR: Recent evidence concerning the nature of the neural representation of auditory space in the mammalian brain is reviewed and advances in the understanding of mammalian subcortical processing of auditory spatial cues that challenge the "textbook" version of sound localization are elaborate.
Abstract: The ability to determine the location of a sound source is fundamental to hearing. However, auditory space is not represented in any systematic manner on the basilar membrane of the cochlea, the sensory surface of the receptor organ for hearing. Understanding the means by which sensitivity to spatial cues is computed in central neurons can therefore contribute to our understanding of the basic nature of complex neural representations. We review recent evidence concerning the nature of the neural representation of auditory space in the mammalian brain and elaborate on recent advances in the understanding of mammalian subcortical processing of auditory spatial cues that challenge the "textbook" version of sound localization, in particular brain mechanisms contributing to binaural hearing.

766 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A neurophysiological approach to tinnitus is presented and it provides a basis for treating patients with hyperacusis, which is considering to be a pre-tinnitus state.
Abstract: This paper presents a neurophysiological approach to tinnitus and discusses its clinical implications. A hypothesis of discordant damage of inner and outer hair cells systems in tinnitus generation...

670 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two broad classes of emissions--reflection-source and distortion-source emissions--are distinguished based on the mechanisms of their generation, and the implications of this OAE taxonomy for the measurement, interpretation, and clinical use of otoacoustic emissions as noninvasive probes of cochlear function are discussed.
Abstract: Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) of all types are widely assumed to arise by a common mechanism: nonlinear electromechanical distortion within the cochlea. In this view, both stimulus-frequency (SFOAEs) and distortion-product emissions (DPOAEs) arise because nonlinearities in the mechanics act as "sources" of backward-traveling waves. This unified picture is tested by analyzing measurements of emission phase using a simple phenomenological description of the nonlinear re-emission process. The analysis framework is independent of the detailed form of the emission sources and the nonlinearities that produce them. The analysis demonstrates that the common assumption that SFOAEs originate by nonlinear distortion requires that SFOAE phase be essentially independent of frequency, in striking contradiction with experiment. This contradiction implies that evoked otoacoustic emissions arise by two fundamentally different mechanisms within the cochlea. These two mechanisms (linear reflection versus nonlinear distortion) are described and two broad classes of emissions--reflection-source and distortion-source emissions--are distinguished based on the mechanisms of their generation. The implications of this OAE taxonomy for the measurement, interpretation, and clinical use of otoacoustic emissions as noninvasive probes of cochlear function are discussed.

664 citations