Author
Edward J. Nolan
Bio: Edward J. Nolan is an academic researcher. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 5 publications receiving 116 citations.
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: This herbaceous perennial plant has herbage with the characteristic taste and smell of onions and Reproduction is from wrinkled, black seeds contained in a capsule or by ovoid to spherical bulbs.
Abstract: Description General: Lily Family (Liliaceae). This herbaceous perennial plant has herbage with the characteristic taste and smell of onions. The scape is 15-45 cm high and the leaves are 2-3 and linear. Reproduction is from wrinkled, black seeds contained in a capsule or by ovoid to spherical bulbs. The bulb-coats are brown or gray, thin, with horizontal undulate reticulation in vertical rows. Five to 25 pale pink to white flowers are in an umbel subtended by 2 or 3 thin whitish or scarious bracts.
57 citations
••
TL;DR: The last three papers should be postponed to the next meeting, and after passing a vote of thanks to Dr. Chandler and the authorities of the University a tour of the chemical department laboratories was made.
Abstract: lows: 1. J. A. Mathews, ' The Action of Nitrils upon Aromatic Acids.' 2. E. H. Hodgson, ' The Determination of Sulphur in Asphalts.' 3. S. A. Tucker, 'A Few Remarks on the Persulphates.' 4. W. D. Engle, 'The Action of MIetallic Thio-Cynates upon Organic Chlorhydrins.' 5. A. G. Betts ' Alcoholic Ethers of Nitro, Amido and Oxy Benzyl Alcohol.' Mr. Hodgson had determined the sulphur in a variety of asphalts by several well-known methods, one of which was modified by the use of sodium peroxide. He found the following amounts of sulphur and differences by the several methods: Nitric acid. Sodium. Dela(Carius). Peroxide. gration. Trinidad Lale ....... 4.33 3.77 3.80 \" crude ...... 4.10 3.33 3.2 \" refined ......... 4.46 4.07 3.6 Cuban crude ........ 3.61 3.10 2 8 Alcatraz crude ....... 5.45 3.98 4.2 California crude.......... 7.51 6.26 6.5 In order to have time to inspect the laboratories it was moved and seconded that the last three papers should be postponed to the next meeting, and after passing a vote of thanks to Dr. Chandler and the authorities of the University a tour of the chemical department laboratories was made. DIURAND WOODMAN, Secretary.
1 citations
Cited by
More filters
••
TL;DR: Habitat-specific isotopic signatures indicate that the quality of winter habitats occupied by American redstarts determines their physical condition and spring departure dates, which in turn result in variable arrival schedules and condition on temperate breeding grounds.
Abstract: For migratory birds, early arrival and physical condition on the breeding grounds are important determinants of reproductive success and fitness. Differences in arrival times often exceed a month, and later arriving individuals are often in poorer condition. Habitat-specific isotopic signatures indicate that the quality of winter habitats occupied by American redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) determines their physical condition and spring departure dates, which in turn result in variable arrival schedules and condition on temperate breeding grounds. These findings link events in tropical winter grounds with those in temperate breeding areas for a migratory songbird and provide evidence that winter habitats may be limiting.
1,026 citations
••
TL;DR: My purpose in this article is to discuss the merits of two classifications which depart from the traditional two kingdoms, the systems of Copeland (1-3) and Whittaker (4, 5).
Abstract: are those who consider questions in science which have no unequivocal , experimentally determined answer scarcely worth discussing. Such feeling, along with conservatism, may have been responsible for the long and almost unchallenged dominance of the system of two kingdoms-plants and animals-in the broad classification of organisms. The unchallenged position of these kingdoms has ended, however; alternative systems are being widely considered (1-18) and are appearing in many introductory biology texts (19-24). My purpose in this article is to discuss the merits of two classifications which depart from the traditional two kingdoms, the systems of Copeland (1-3) and Whittaker (4, 5). Two-Kingdom System Man is terrestrial, and he sees around him two major groups of organisms of very different adaptation to nutrition on land-the photosynthetic, rooted, higher plants, and the food-ingesting, motile, higher animals. So distinct in way of life, direction of evolution, and kind of body organization are these groups that a concept of dichotomy-plants versus animals-is almost inescapable if they are considered by themselves. The two groups became the nuclei around which concepts of the plant and animal kingdoms were developed by early naturalists. The kingdoms have been part of the formal classification of living things since Linnaeus (25). Mosses, liverworts, and macroscopic algae are clearly plants in their photo-synthetic and nonmotile way of life, and (though the photosynthetic process itself was not understood by early naturalists) these forms were grouped 150 with the higher land plants. The higher fungi on land are nonmotile, and their apparently \"rooted\" manner of growth suggested the plants. It thus seemed reasonable to assign fungi to the plant kingdom, and some students believed that they had evolved from algae. The wealth of unicellular life discovered by microscopists offered greater difficulty. Some forms were motile and ingested food, however, and were naturally regarded as one-celled animals or proto-zoans. Others were nonmotile and photosynthetic, hence one-celled plants. There remained a wide range of uni-cellular forms in which nonmotility and flagellate or pseudopodial motility, and ingestive, photosynthetic, and absorp-tive nutrition, were combined in various ways which were neither clearly plant-like nor animal-like. In a number of cases plant-like and animal-like unicells were connected by a series of closely related intergrading forms within the same major taxon. There remained also the bacteria which, though few are pho-tosynthetic and many are motile, seemed better treated as plants because of their walled cells. The plant and animal kingdoms …
710 citations
••
TL;DR: In experimental communities of sessile marine invertebrates, increased species richness significantly decreased invasion success, apparently because species-rich communities more completely and efficiently used available space, the limiting resource in this system.
Abstract: Theory predicts that systems that are more diverse should be more resistant to exotic species, but experimental tests are needed to verify this. In experimental communities of sessile marine invertebrates, increased species richness significantly decreased invasion success, apparently because species-rich communities more completely and efficiently used available space, the limiting resource in this system. Declining biodiversity thus facilitates invasion in this system, potentially accelerating the loss of biodiversity and the homogenization of the world's biota.
685 citations
••
TL;DR: The Tree of Life Web Project (ToL) as discussed by the authors provides information on the Internet about our current knowledge of the evolutionary tree of life and associated information about characteristics and diversity of life on Earth.
Abstract: The Tree of Life Web Project (ToL) provides information on the Internet about our current knowledge of the evolutionary tree of life and associated information about characteristics and diversity of life on Earth. Development of this open-access, database-driven system began in 1994; its official release was in 1996. Core scientific content in the project is compiled collaboratively by more than 540 biologists, all experts in particular groups of organisms, from over 35 countries. Additional learning materials are contributed by over 200 students, teachers, and amateur scientists, while images, movies, and sounds are contributed by both of these groups and over 200 media-only contributors. Administration of the project follows a hierarchical, community-based model, with authors for different parts of the ToL chosen by the scientists working in that particular field. The goals of the project are to document all species on Earth, as well as all significant clades; to provide basic information about the phylogeny of life; to share this information with other databases and analytical tools; and to encourage understanding and appreciation for biodiversity, evolution, and the interrelationships of Earth's wealth of species. Here we provide an outline of the goals and history of the project; the current content, administration, architecture, contributors, and audience, the challenges we have faced, and the future of the project.
538 citations
••
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that migratory birds can be affected by shifts in global climate patterns and the need to know how events throughout the annual cycle interact to determine population size is emphasized.
Abstract: Progress toward understanding factors that limit abundances of migratory birds, including climate change, has been difficult because these species move between diverse locations, often on different continents. For black-throated blue warblers (Dendroica caerulescens), demographic rates in both tropical winter quarters and north temperate breeding grounds varied with fluctuations in the El Nino Southern Oscillation. Adult survival and fecundity were lower in El Nino years and higher in La Nina years. Fecundity, in turn, was positively correlated with subsequent recruitment of new individuals into winter and breeding populations. These findings demonstrate that migratory birds can be affected by shifts in global climate patterns and emphasize the need to know how events throughout the annual cycle interact to determine population size.
531 citations