Edwin J. Klein

Bio: Edwin J. Klein is an academic researcher from University of Twente. The author has contributed to research in topics: Photonics & Laser. The author has an hindex of 17, co-authored 85 publications receiving 1133 citations.

Low-Loss Si3N4 TriPleX Optical Waveguides: Technology and Applications Overview

Abstract: An overview of the most recent developments and improvements to the low-loss TriPleX Si3N4 waveguide technology is presented in this paper The TriPleX platform provides a suite of waveguide geometries (box, double stripe, symmetric single stripe, and asymmetric double stripe) that can be combined to design complex functional circuits, but more important are manufactured in a single monolithic process flow to create a compact photonic integrated circuit All functionalities of the integrated circuit are constructed using standard basic building blocks, namely straight and bent waveguides, splitters/combiners and couplers, spot size converters, and phase tuning elements The basic functionalities that have been realized are: ring resonators and Mach–Zehnder interferometer filters, tunable delay elements, and waveguide switches Combination of these basic functionalities evolves into more complex functions such as higher order filters, beamforming networks, and fully programmable architectures Introduction of the active InP chip platform in a combination with the TriPleX will introduce light generation, modulation, and detection to the low-loss platform This hybrid integration strategy enables fabrication of tunable lasers, fully integrated filters, and optical beamforming networks

Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer using microring resonators

Abstract: We report a reconfigurable four-channel optical add-drop multiplexer for use in access networks. The optical add-drop multiplexer (OADM) is based on vertically coupled thermally tunable Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/--SiO/sub 2/ microring resonators (MRs) and has been realized on a footprint of 0.25 mm/sup 2/. Individual MRs in the OADM can be tuned across the full free-spectral range of 4.18 nm and have a 3-dB bandwidth of 50 GHz.

Hybrid Integrated Semiconductor Lasers with Silicon Nitride Feedback Circuits

Abstract: Hybrid integrated semiconductor laser sources offering extremely narrow spectral linewidth, as well as compatibility for embedding into integrated photonic circuits, are of high importance for a wide range of applications. We present an overview on our recently developed hybrid-integrated diode lasers with feedback from low-loss silicon nitride (Si3N4 in SiO2) circuits, to provide sub-100-Hz-level intrinsic linewidths, up to 120 nm spectral coverage around a 1.55 μm wavelength, and an output power above 100 mW. We show dual-wavelength operation, dual-gain operation, laser frequency comb generation, and present work towards realizing a visible-light hybrid integrated diode laser.

Narrow Spectrum Light Source

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for decreasing the spectral bandwidth of a semiconductor laser, such as a vertical cavity surface emitting laser.

Microresonators as building blocks for VLSI Photonics

Abstract: In the last years much effort has been taken to arrive at optical integrated circuits with high complexity and advanced functionality For this aim high index contrast structures are employed resulting in photonic wires in conventional index guiding waveguides or in photonic bandgap structures In both cases the number of functional elements within a given chip area can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude: VLSI photonics In this talk optical microresonators are presented as promising basic building blocks for filtering, amplification, modulation, switching and sensing Active functions can be obtained by monolithic integration or a hybrid approach using materials with thermo‐, electro‐ and opto‐optic properties and materials with optical gain Examples are mainly taken from work at MESA+

The Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger

Abstract: On September 14, 2015 at 09:50:45 UTC the two detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory simultaneously observed a transient gravitational-wave signal. The signal sweeps upwards in frequency from 35 to 250 Hz with a peak gravitational-wave strain of 1.0×10(-21). It matches the waveform predicted by general relativity for the inspiral and merger of a pair of black holes and the ringdown of the resulting single black hole. The signal was observed with a matched-filter signal-to-noise ratio of 24 and a false alarm rate estimated to be less than 1 event per 203,000 years, equivalent to a significance greater than 5.1σ. The source lies at a luminosity distance of 410(-180)(+160) Mpc corresponding to a redshift z=0.09(-0.04)(+0.03). In the source frame, the initial black hole masses are 36(-4)(+5)M⊙ and 29(-4)(+4)M⊙, and the final black hole mass is 62(-4)(+4)M⊙, with 3.0(-0.5)(+0.5)M⊙c(2) radiated in gravitational waves. All uncertainties define 90% credible intervals. These observations demonstrate the existence of binary stellar-mass black hole systems. This is the first direct detection of gravitational waves and the first observation of a binary black hole merger.

Integrated microwave photonics

Abstract: Recent advances in photonic integration have propelled microwave photonic technologies to new heights. The ability to interface hybrid material platforms to enhance light–matter interactions has led to the development of ultra-small and high-bandwidth electro-optic modulators, low-noise frequency synthesizers and chip signal processors with orders-of-magnitude enhanced spectral resolution. On the other hand, the maturity of high-volume semiconductor processing has finally enabled the complete integration of light sources, modulators and detectors in a single microwave photonic processor chip and has ushered the creation of a complex signal processor with multifunctionality and reconfigurability similar to electronic devices. Here, we review these recent advances and discuss the impact of these new frontiers for short- and long-term applications in communications and information processing. We also take a look at the future perspectives at the intersection of integrated microwave photonics and other fields including quantum and neuromorphic photonics. This Review discusses recent advances of microwave photonic technologies and their applications in communications and information processing, as well as their potential implementations in quantum and neuromorphic photonics.

Electro–optically tunable microring resonators in lithium niobate

Abstract: Optical microresonators have recently attracted growing attention in the photonics community1. Their applications range from quantum electrodynamics to sensors and filtering devices for optical telecommunication systems, where they will probably become an essential building block2. Integration of nonlinear and electro–optical properties in resonators represents a very stimulating challenge, as it would incorporate new and more advanced functionality. Lithium niobate is an excellent candidate material, being an established choice for electro–optic and nonlinear optical applications. Here we report on the first realization of optical microring resonators in submicrometre thin films of lithium niobate. High-index-contrast films are produced by an improved crystal-ion-slicing and bonding technique using benzocyclobutene. The rings have radius R = 100 µm, and their transmission spectrum has been tuned using the electro–optic effect. These results open new possibilities for the use of lithium niobate in chip-scale integrated optical devices and nonlinear optical microcavities.

Wireless energy transfer converters

Abstract: Described herein are improved configurations for a wireless power converter that includes at least one receiving magnetic resonator configured to capture electrical energy received wirelessly through a first oscillating magnetic field characterized by a first plurality of parameters, and at least one transferring magnetic resonator configured to generate a second oscillating magnetic field characterized by a second plurality of parameters different from the first plurality of parameters, wherein the electrical energy from the at least one receiving magnetic resonator is used to energize the at least one transferring magnetic resonator to generate the second oscillating magnetic field.

Passive technologies for future large-scale photonic integrated circuits on silicon: polarization handling, light non-reciprocity and loss reduction

Abstract: Silicon-based large-scale photonic integrated circuits are becoming important, due to the need for higher complexity and lower cost for optical transmitters, receivers and optical buffers. In this paper, passive technologies for large-scale photonic integrated circuits are described, including polarization handling, light non-reciprocity and loss reduction. The design rule for polarization beam splitters based on asymmetrical directional couplers is summarized and several novel designs for ultra-short polarization beam splitters are reviewed. A novel concept for realizing a polarization splitter–rotator is presented with a very simple fabrication process. Realization of silicon-based light non-reciprocity devices (e.g., optical isolator), which is very important for transmitters to avoid sensitivity to reflections, is also demonstrated with the help of magneto-optical material by the bonding technology. Low-loss waveguides are another important technology for large-scale photonic integrated circuits. Ultra-low loss optical waveguides are achieved by designing a Si3N4 core with a very high aspect ratio. The loss is reduced further to <0.1 dB m−1 with an improved fabrication process incorporating a high-quality thermal oxide upper cladding by means of wafer bonding. With the developed ultra-low loss Si3N4 optical waveguides, some devices are also demonstrated, including ultra-high-Q ring resonators, low-loss arrayed-waveguide grating (de)multiplexers, and high-extinction-ratio polarizers. Newly developed photonic components could allow large-scale photonic integrated circuits to be built on silicon substrates. Daoxin Dai from Zhejiang University, China, alongside co-workers from the University of California, USA, have proposed several new optical technologies for use in photonic integrated circuits, which substitute or work alongside electrical circuits in optical devices. The researchers have designed new ultrashort polarization-handling devices that split high-intensity beams of light, and a ring optical isolator that reduces reflections. The team have also created a new waveguide based on silicon nitride that can guide optical waves with a minimal loss of energy. These new technologies will allow scientists to construct higher performance, more compact optical devices.