According to W. Edwards Deming, American companies require nothing less than a transformation of management style and of governmental relations with industry. In Out of the Crisis, originally published in 1982, Deming offers a theory of management based on his famous 14 Points for Management. Management's failure to plan for the future, he claims, brings about loss of market, which brings about loss of jobs. Management must be judged not only by the quarterly dividend, but by innovative plans to stay in business, protect investment, ensure future dividends, and provide more jobs through improved product and service. In simple, direct language, he explains the principles of management transformation and how to apply them.

Out of the Crisis

Traditional engineering instruction is deductive, beginning with theories and progressing to the applications of those theories Alternative teaching approaches are more inductive Topics are introduced by presenting specific observations, case studies or problems, and theories are taught or the students are helped to discover them only after the need to know them has been established This study reviews several of the most commonly used inductive teaching methods, including inquiry learning, problem-based learning, project-based learning, case-based teaching, discovery learning, and just-in-time teaching The paper defines each method, highlights commonalities and specific differences, and reviews research on the effectiveness of the methods While the strength of the evidence varies from one method to another, inductive methods are consistently found to be at least equal to, and in general more effective than, traditional deductive methods for achieving a broad range of learning outcomes

Inductive Teaching and Learning Methods: Definitions, Comparisons, and Research Bases

Capillarity and Wetting Phenomena: Drops, Bubbles, Pearls, Waves

The present invention relates to the field of energy harvesting. More particularly, embodiments of the invention relate to methods, systems, and devices for scavenging vibration- based energy from an ambient vibration source. Specific embodiments of the present invention include an energy harvesting device comprising: a) an elongated ferromagnetic cantilevered beam having a base and an opposing end; b) a plurality of piezoceramic elements operably connected to the base of the beam; c) a first support member for supporting the beam at its base; and d) two permanent magnets disposed on a second support member; wherein the base end of the beam is operably connected to the support member such that the beam is suspended lengthwise from the support member at its base and the opposing end of the beam is free and is disposed a selected distance above and between the magnets; and wherein the piezoceramic elements are operably connected in parallel to each other, such that during operation the beam is capable of scavenging vibrational energy from an external excitation source and the piezoceramic elements are capable of converting the harmonic or random vibrational energy into electrical energy. The piezo-magneto-elastic generator results in a 200% increase in the open- circuit voltage amplitude (hence promising an 800% increase in the power amplitude). The inventive piezo-magneto-elastic generator can be applied for use in piezoelectric energy harvesting, as well as in electromagnetic, electrostatic and magnetostrictive energy harvesting techniques and their hybrid combinations with similar devices.

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Piezomagnetoelastic structure for broadband vibration energy harvesting

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Design Of Analog Cmos Integrated Circuits

We present an analytical approach and a reduced-order model (macromodel) to investigate the behavior of electrically actuated microbeam-based MEMS. The macromodel provides an effective and accurate design tool for this class of MEMS devices. The macromodel is obtained by discretizing the distributed-parameter system using a Galerkin procedure into a finite-degree-of-freedom system consisting of ordinary-differential equations in time. The macromodel accounts for moderately large deflections, dynamic loads, and the coupling between the mechanical and electrical forces. It accounts for linear and nonlinear elastic restoring forces and the nonlinear electric forces generated by the capacitors. A new technique is developed to represent the electric force in the equations of motion. The new approach allows the use of few linear-undamped mode shapes of a microbeam in its straight position as basis functions in a Galerkin procedure. The macromodel is validated by comparing its results with experimental results and finite-element solutions available in the literature. Our approach shows attractive features compared to finite-element softwares used in the literature. It is robust over the whole device operation range up to the instability limit of the device (i.e., pull-in). Moreover, it has low computational cost and allows for an easier understanding of the influence of the various design parameters. As a result, it can be of significant benefit to the development of MEMS design software.

A reduced-order model for electrically actuated microbeam-based MEMS

We review crane models available in the literature, classify them, and discuss their applications and limitations. A generalized formulation of the most widely used crane model is analyzed using th...

Dynamics and Control of Cranes: A Review:

We present a nonlinear model of electrically actuated microbeams accounting for the electrostatic forcing of the air gap capacitor, the restoring force of the microbeam and the axial load applied to the microbeam The boundary-value problem describing the static deflection of the microbeam under the electrostatic force due to a dc polarization voltage is solved numerically The eigenvalue problem describing the vibration of the microbeam around its statically deflected position is solved numerically for the natural frequencies and mode shapes Comparison of results generated by our model to the experimental results shows excellent agreement, thus verifying the model Our results show that failure to account for mid-plane stretching in the microbeam restoring force leads to an underestimation of the stability limits It also shows that the ratio of the width of the air gap to the microbeam thickness can be tuned to extend the domain of the linear relationship between the dc polarization voltage and the fundamental natural frequency This fact and the ability of the nonlinear model to accurately predict the natural frequencies for any dc polarization voltage allow designers to use a wider range of dc polarization voltages in resonators

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0960-1317/12/6/306/pdf

Characterization of the mechanical behavior of an electrically actuated microbeam

We study the pull-in instability in microelectromechanical (MEMS) resonators and find that characteristics of the pull-in phenomenon in the presence of AC loads differ from those under purely DC loads. We analyze this phenomenon, dubbed dynamic pull-in, and formulate safety criteria for the design of MEMS resonant sensors and filters excited near one of their natural frequencies. We also utilize this phenomenon to design a low-voltage MEMS RF switch actuated with a combined DC and AC loading. The new switch uses a voltage much lower than the traditionally used DC voltage. Either the frequency or the amplitude of the AC loading can be adjusted to reduce the driving voltage and switching time. The new actuation method has the potential of solving the problem of high driving voltages of RF MEMS switches.

Dynamic pull-in phenomenon in MEMS resonators

We present a new architecture for wideband vibration-based micro-power generators (MPGs). It replaces a linear oscillator with a piecewise-linear oscillator as the energy harvesting element of the MPG. A prototype of an electromagnetic MPG designed accordingly is analyzed analytically, numerically and experimentally. We find that the new architecture increases the bandwidth of the MPG during a frequency up-sweep, while maintaining the same bandwidth in a down-sweep. Closed-form expressions for the response of the new MPG as well as the up-sweep bandwidth are presented and validated experimentally. Simulations show that under random-frequency excitations, the new MPG collects more energy than the traditional MPG.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0960-1317/18/11/115021/pdf

Eihab M. Abdel-Rahman

Papers

A reduced-order model for electrically actuated microbeam-based MEMS

Dynamics and Control of Cranes: A Review:

Characterization of the mechanical behavior of an electrically actuated microbeam

Dynamic pull-in phenomenon in MEMS resonators

A wideband vibration-based energy harvester