Elankumaran Kannan

Bio: Elankumaran Kannan is an academic researcher from Indian Institute of Technology Madras. The author has contributed to research in topics: Ultrasonic testing & Transducer. The author has an hindex of 7, co-authored 11 publications receiving 231 citations.

SHM of pipes using torsional waves generated by in situ magnetostrictive tapes

Abstract: Long-range, torsional guided waves generated in pipes using magnetostrictive sensors (MsSs) have great potential for applications to the structural health monitoring (SHM) of hard-to-inspect pipes. This paper reports an improved MsS technique (when compared to related techniques currently used for the NDT of pipes) that uses polymeric magnetic tape material that is suitable for use in a variety of industries as an SHM tool for pipes. Improvements include increased efficiency, reduced cost and increased long-term survivability of the sensor system. Transduction efficiency was increased by reducing the sensor eddy current losses and by using a field concentrator strip. For long-term monitoring, a low-cost magnetic oxide based MsS material (video recording tape) having the required magnetic properties was used. The MsS strips were oriented to generate non-dispersive torsional guided ultrasonic waves that propagate long distances with minimal mode conversion. Further, considering both safety and long-term survivability of the sensor, low-power ultrasonic instrumentation was developed and tested. Measurements reported here demonstrate the sensitivity of this sensor to both radial notches (saw cuts) and drilled holes. Results also show that magnetic anisotropy of the strip plays a role in generating torsional waves. It is envisioned that results obtained from the present study will significantly enhance the ability to monitor the long-term structural health of piping systems.

Fatigue damage characterization using surface acoustic wave nonlinearity in aluminum alloy AA7175-T7351

Abstract: Nonlinear ultrasonic (NLU) harmonic generation system was used to characterize the fatigue damage in a flat hour-glass, high strength Al–Cu–Zn–Mg alloy, AA7175-T7351 specimens. Experiments were carried out to introduce controlled levels of fatigue damage under constant amplitude loading to determine the NLU response using surface acoustic wave (or Rayleigh mode) at regular intervals of fatigue life. The NLU parameter (A2/A12) plotted as a function of percentage of fatigue life shows two peaks for all the samples tested, independent of the amplitude of fatigue loading. The first peak appeared between 40%–50% of fatigue life and the second peak between 80%–90% of fatigue life. Among the two flat surfaces of the specimen, a higher nonlinearity response was observed on the surface which had the first crack initiation. The appearance of two peaks in the nonlinear response during fatigue damage progression is explained based on the dislocation dynamics and dislocation-crack interaction present in the specimens ...

Observation of two stage dislocation dynamics from nonlinear ultrasonic response during the plastic deformation of AA7175-T7351 aluminum alloy

Abstract: Systematic nonlinear ultrasonic (NLU) studies using longitudinal and guided surface acoustic waves (SAW) were conducted on AA7175-T735 aluminum alloy specimens that were plastically deformed to varying levels of residual strain. The variation of nonlinear ultrasonic (NLU) parameter ( A 2 / A 1 2 ) as a function of residual plastic deformation, suggests an increase in NLU parameter at a slow rate up to a certain level of deformation and thereafter there is a significant increase in NLU parameter with further increase in the strain level. X-ray diffraction methods to characterize line broadening and etch pit dislocation distribution studies suggest that the smaller rate of increase in NLU parameter could be due to the increase in the dislocation density and higher rate of increase could be caused by formation of cellular dislocation pattern. Thus, our study shows that it is possible to study the two stage dislocation dynamics observed during residual plastic deformation of Al alloy 7175-T7351 using nonlinear ultrasonic technique.

Simplified experimental technique to extract the acoustic radiation induced static strain in solids

Abstract: A simplified experimental technique to measure the acoustic radiation induced static strain during the longitudinal acoustic wave propagation in solids is proposed. Experiments have been carried out to extract the static displacement (dc) component without resorting to electronic filters, as in the case of previously reported experimental measurements. This prevents the influence of the filter time response characteristics on the measurement. The dependence of the static displacement amplitude on the square of the fundamental amplitude of the input wave, its being independent of the burst width of the tone burst, and its abnormal variation at low input amplitudes are reported.

Ferromagnetic materials

Abstract: In this chapter, we will restrict our attention to the ferrites and a few other closely related materials. The great interest in ferrites stems from their unique combination of a spontaneous magnetization and a high electrical resistivity. The observed magnetization results from the difference in the magnetizations of two non-equivalent sub-lattices of the magnetic ions in the crystal structure. Materials of this type should strictly be designated as “ferrimagnetic” and in some respects are more closely related to anti-ferromagnetic substances than they are to ferromagnetics in which the magnetization results from the parallel alignment of all the magnetic moments present. We shall not adhere to this special nomenclature except to emphasize effects, which are due to the existence of the sub-lattices.

Guided wave based structural health monitoring: A review

Abstract: The paper provides a state of the art review of guided wave based structural health monitoring (SHM). First, the fundamental concepts of guided wave propagation and its implementation for SHM is explained. Following sections present the different modeling schemes adopted, developments in the area of transducers for generation, and sensing of wave, signal processing and imaging technique, statistical and machine learning schemes for feature extraction. Next, a section is presented on the recent advancements in nonlinear guided wave for SHM. This is followed by section on Rayleigh and SH waves. Next is a section on real-life implementation of guided wave for industrial problems. The paper, though briefly talks about the early development for completeness,. is primarily focussed on the recent progress made in the last decade. The paper ends by discussing and highlighting the future directions and open areas of research in guided wave based SHM.

Review of Second Harmonic Generation Measurement Techniques for Material State Determination in Metals

Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge of second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements, a subset of nonlinear ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation techniques. These SHG techniques exploit the material nonlinearity of metals in order to measure the acoustic nonlinearity parameter, $$\beta $$ . In these measurements, a second harmonic wave is generated from a propagating monochromatic elastic wave, due to the anharmonicity of the crystal lattice, as well as the presence of microstructural features such as dislocations and precipitates. This article provides a summary of models that relate the different microstructural contributions to $$\beta $$ , and provides details of the different SHG measurement and analysis techniques available, focusing on longitudinal and Rayleigh wave methods. The main focus of this paper is a critical review of the literature that utilizes these SHG methods for the nondestructive evaluation of plasticity, fatigue, thermal aging, creep, and radiation damage in metals.