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Eleonora Irlandini

Bio: Eleonora Irlandini is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Osteoarthritis & Cartilage. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 6 publications receiving 12 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors compared the clinical efficacy of repeated doses of leucocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma (LP-PRP) plus hyaluronic acid (HA) to a single dose of autologous microfragments.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of repeated doses of leucocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma (LP-PRP) plus hyaluronic acid (HA) to a single dose of autologous microfrag...

18 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Knee osteoarthritis, along with insufficiency fracture, is one of the main indications for the treatment of painful BMLs, and the technique can be defined as a surgical procedure aimed directly at pathology within the subchondral bone and is named “osteo-core plasty.”
Abstract: "Bone marrow lesion" (BML) is a common term used to describe the presence of fluid in the bone marrow. Although various pathologies can cause BMLs seen on magnetic resonance imaging, in this Technical Note we focus on treating the lesions associated with osteoarthritis in the knee joint. The role of the subchondral bone in transferring loads within the knee joint, as well as in cartilage homeostasis, is well established. In addition, cartilage and subchondral bone are increasingly considered as an osteochondral unit, rather than as 2 separate structures. Knee osteoarthritis, along with insufficiency fracture, is one of the main indications for the treatment of painful BMLs. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in this field, and new approaches are being developed. Our technique can be defined as a surgical procedure aimed directly at pathology within the subchondral bone and is named "osteo-core plasty." It consists of 2 parts: The first is decompression of bone marrow to decrease intraosseous pressure, and the second is administration of bone marrow aspirate concentrate for better healing potential and bone autograft to deliver supportive tissue. It should be noted that the cause of BMLs must be known before this kind of treatment is performed.

16 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: The limited intrinsic healing potential of the articular cartilage is attributed to the presence of specialized cells which have low mitotic activity and lack of blood supply to promote tissue repair as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The limited intrinsic healing potential of the articular cartilage is attributed to the presence of specialized cells which have low mitotic activity and lack of blood supply to promote tissue repair. Therefore, once injury occurs, surgical intervention is necessary to maximize the chances of articular cartilage repair. A good cartilage repair will lead to good functional outcome and will avoid subsequent cartilage degeneration that could otherwise lead to the development of osteoarthritis (OA) [1].

1 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: Achlioptas et al. as discussed by the authors showed that the cartilage lesions are present in approximately 60% of knee arthroscopies, usually coexisting with the other pathologies.
Abstract: Cartilage lesions can occur as a result of an acute injury (i.e., chondral fracture from shear and/or compression forces) or following a repetitive microtrauma during sporting activities. Some studies have shown that the chondral lesions are present in approximately 60% of knee arthroscopies, usually coexisting with the other pathologies [1]. One of the most common coexisting pathology is an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, where the cartilage lesion acts as a source of a continuing pain and a gradual cartilage degeneration takes place [2].

1 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The most commonly used preparations are hyaluronic acid (HA), glucocorticosteroids (GS), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in recent years as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) can be defined as the result of pathological processes of various etiologies leading to damage to the articular structures. Although the mechanism of degenerative changes has become better understood due to the plethora of biochemical and genetic studies, the drug that could stop the degenerative cascade is still unknown. All available forms of OA therapy are based on symptomatic treatment. According to actual guidelines, comprehensive treatment of OA should always include a combination of various therapeutic options aimed at common goals, which are pain relief in the first place, and then the improvement of function. Local treatment has become more common practice, which takes place between rehabilitation and pharmacological treatment in the hierarchy of procedures. Only in the case of no improvement and the presence of advanced lesions visible in imaging tests, should surgery be considered. Currently, an increasing number of studies are being published suggesting that intra-articular injections may be as effective or even more effective than non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and result in fewer systemic adverse events. The most commonly used preparations are hyaluronic acid (HA), glucocorticosteroids (GS), and also platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in recent years. This review aims to present the mechanism of action and clinical effectiveness of different pharmacological options in relieving pain and improving functions in OA as well as the emerging approach in intra-articular treatment with PRP.

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2021
TL;DR: This manuscript represents an updated understanding of adipose tissue, including its anatomy, functions in the human body, and role as a perivascular cellular source for tissue renewal, in addition to its role in providing cushioning and support to various structures.
Abstract: Introduction Over the past decade, human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/signaling/stromal cell (ADSC) therapies have become increasingly popular as a biologic treatment for a variety of orthopedic conditions. ADSCs represent a source of stromal cells with biologic properties that allow for paracrine and immunomodulatory functions and the ability to differentiate into various downstream cellular tissues. Before considering the use of adipose tissue as a cellular source, it is imperative to understand its anatomy and physiology and its roles in the human body. Objectives To review the current literature regarding the anatomy, physiology, and various roles of human adipose tissue, as well as harvesting techniques and its role in biologic therapy. Methods A comprehensive literature review that included searches of PubMed, medline, EMBASE, and Google Scholar database(s), including both preclinical and clinical studies, was performed. Results This manuscript represents an updated understanding of adipose tissue, including its anatomy, functions in the human body, and role as a perivascular cellular source for tissue renewal, in addition to its role in providing cushioning and support to various structures. Conclusion Adipose tissue is widespread throughout the body and serves multiple physiologic functions. It can be harvested through several techniques and is an abundant source of bioactive molecules and ADSCs. Research in orthopedic surgery has begun using adipose tissue as a source of homologous and non-homologous cell and tissue applications. Future study will continue to investigate optimal sources of adipose-derived cells and tissues, and its therapeutic applications in orthopedics.

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A systematic review of biologic therapies for knee OA is presented in this article , where the authors assess the following: (1) study methodologies; (2) cell preparations and formulations; (3) patient-reported outcome scores; and (4) structural changes.
Abstract: Use of "orthobiologics" continues to expand for patients who have knee osteoarthritis (OA). We sought to perform a systemic review of biologic therapies relative to comparative groups, including the following: (1) platelet-rich plasma (PRP); (2) bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs); (3) adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs); and (4) amniotic-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs). We assessed the following: (1) study methodologies; (2) cell preparations and formulations; (3) patient-reported outcome scores (PROMs); and (4) structural changes.PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were queried (2013-2021) to conduct a systematic review of biologic therapies for knee OA, according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Eighty-two studies were included: PRP (51); BMSC (15); ADSC (11); and AMSC (5). Study evaluations were made using the Modified Coleman Methodology Score. PROMs included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index and the Visual Analog Scale. Structural change evaluations included ultrasounds, radiographs, or magnetic resonance imaging.PRP comprised a majority of the studies (n = 51), most with "fair" to "good" Modified Coleman Methodology Score. Studies had variable cell preparations and formulations, with comparison study results leading to inconsistent PROMs, and structural changes. A limited number of studies were included for BMSC, ADSC, and AMSC, all with similar findings to PRP.Available literature evaluating "orthobiologics" for knee OA remain nonsuperior to comparison cohorts. Higher level studies with larger sample sizes and improved methodologies are warranted to suggest differences. Despite a growth of "orthobiologics" in clinics, this updated systematic review highlights the uncertain efficacy for use in knee OA.

8 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the authors summarized the problems with current treatments, potential cell sources for cell therapy, reviewed the progress of new treatments within the regenerative cartilage field, and highlighted the importance of cell quality, characterization assays, and chemically defined protocols.

7 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2021
TL;DR: The use of novel biologic techniques to treat BMLs in the knee, such as PRP and Bone Marrow Cells, has yielded promising clinical outcomes and a need for high-quality RCTs studies and systematic reviews in the future to enhance further treatment strategy.
Abstract: Introduction Subchondral bone pathology includes a wide range of pathologies, such as osteoarthritis, spontaneous insufficiency fractures, osteonecrosis, transient bone marrow lesions syndromes, and trauma. They show typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings termed bone marrow lesions (BMLs). However, the etiology and evolution of BMLs in multiple conditions remains unclear. There is still no gold standard treatment protocol in treating BMLs in the knee, and a variety of treatment modalities have been tested in the hope that they might reduce pain and stop disease progression. Objectives To review the treatment options for BMLs of the knee. Methods A literature review was performed that included searches of PubMed, Cochrane, and Medline databases using the following keywords: Bone marrow lesions, sub chondroplasty, bone marrow concentrate, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), subchondral bone augmentation. Results The use of novel biologic techniques to treat BMLs in the knee, such as PRP and Bone Marrow Cells, has yielded promising clinical outcomes. Conclusions Future research of BMLs will be mandatory to address the different pathologies better and determining appropriate treatment strategies. There is still a need for high-quality RCTs studies and systematic reviews in the future to enhance further treatment strategy in preventing or treating BMLs of the knee.

5 citations