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Elisa H. Barney Smith

Bio: Elisa H. Barney Smith is an academic researcher from Boise State University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Handwriting recognition & Handwriting. The author has an hindex of 14, co-authored 75 publications receiving 625 citations. Previous affiliations of Elisa H. Barney Smith include Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute & Carleton University.


Papers
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
31 Aug 2005
TL;DR: This paper explores an analytical method that uses a formal printer/scanner degradation model to identify the similarity between groups of degraded characters and this similarity is shown to improve the recognition accuracy of a classifier through model directed choice of training set data.
Abstract: Printing and scanning of text documents introduces degradations to the characters which can be modeled. Interestingly, certain combinations of the parameters that govern the degradations introduced by the printing and scanning process affect characters in such a way that the degraded characters have a similar appearance, while other degradations leave the characters with an appearance that is very different. It is well known that (generally speaking), a test set that more closely matches a training set is recognized with higher accuracy than one that matches the training set less well. Likewise, classifiers tend to perform better on data sets that have lower variance. This paper explores an analytical method that uses a formal printer/scanner degradation model to identify the similarity between groups of degraded characters. This similarity is shown to improve the recognition accuracy of a classifier through model directed choice of training set data.

60 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The proposed method enhances document images by combining the Total Variation and the Non-local Means techniques in order to improve OCR recognition and is shown to be more powerful than when these techniques are used alone and than other enhancement methods.

56 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
09 Jun 2010
TL;DR: The variability of the results of five different automatic binarization algorithms were compared to that of manual groundtruth results, and significant variability in the ground truth results was found.
Abstract: The accuracy of a binarization algorithm is often calculated relative to a ground truth image. Except for synthetically generated images, no ground truth image exists. Evaluating binarization on real images is preferred. The ground truthing between and among different operators is compared. Four direct metrics were used. The variability of the results of five different automatic binarization algorithms were compared to that of manual ground truth results. Significant variability in the ground truth results was found.

47 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A single parameter value that represents the difference between the original and the digitized characters is determined from a binary scan of a test chart and is used to generate synthetic characters that are similar to characters scanned under the same conditions as the test chart.

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An early design exploration of reconfigurable Threshold Logic Gates (TLG) implemented using Silver-chalcogenide memristive devices combined with CMOS circuits is presented.
Abstract: We present our design exploration of reconfigurable Threshold Logic Gates (TLG) implemented using silver–chalcogenide memristive devices combined with CMOS circuits. Results from simulations and physical circuits are shown. A variety of linearly separable logic functions including AND, OR, NAND, NOR have been realized in discrete hardware using a single-layer TLG. The functionality can be changed between these operations by reprogramming the resistance of the memristive devices.

35 citations


Cited by
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Book
01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: The scope and impact of engineering education in K-12 education has been reviewed in this paper, and several recommendations to address curriculum, policy, and funding issues are made for engineering education.
Abstract: Engineering education in K-12 classrooms is a small but growing phenomenon that may have implications for engineering and also for the other STEM subjects--science, technology, and mathematics. Specifically, engineering education may improve student learning and achievement in science and mathematics, increase awareness of engineering and the work of engineers, boost youth interest in pursuing engineering as a career, and increase the technological literacy of all students. The teaching of STEM subjects in U.S. schools must be improved in order to retain U.S. competitiveness in the global economy and to develop a workforce with the knowledge and skills to address technical and technological issues. Engineering in K-12 Education reviews the scope and impact of engineering education today and makes several recommendations to address curriculum, policy, and funding issues. The book also analyzes a number of K-12 engineering curricula in depth and discusses what is known from the cognitive sciences about how children learn engineering-related concepts and skills. Engineering in K-12 Education will serve as a reference for science, technology, engineering, and math educators, policy makers, employers, and others concerned about the development of the country's technical workforce. The book will also prove useful to educational researchers, cognitive scientists, advocates for greater public understanding of engineering, and those working to boost technological and scientific literacy.

736 citations

Patent
Jonathan J. Hull1, Berna Erol1, Jamey Graham1, Peter E. Hart1, Dar-Shyang Lee1, Kurt Piersol1 
31 Jul 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, the MMR system provides mechanisms for forming a mixed media document that includes media of at least two types (e.g., printed paper as a first medium and digital content and/or web link as a second medium).
Abstract: A M ixed M edia R eality (MMR) system and associated techniques are disclosed. The MMR system provides mechanisms for forming a mixed media document that includes media of at least two types (e.g., printed paper as a first medium and digital content and/or web link as a second medium). In one particular embodiment, the MMR system includes an action processor and method, and MMR documents with an associated action. The MMR document structure is particularly advantageous because the ability to specify different actions for different MMR documents, combined with the ability to create any number of MMR documents for a particular location on any media, allows the MMR architecture to serve as a universal trigger or initiator for additional processing. In other words, addition processing or actions can be triggered or initiated based on MMR recognition. The action processor receives the output of the MMR recognition process which yields an MMR document including at least one action. The action processor executes that action which includes various commands to the MMR system or other systems coupled to the MMR system. The MMR system architecture is advantageous because an action can be executed by pointing the capture device at a block of text, and the action is performed. Example actions include retrieving the text in electronic form to the capture device, retrieving the specification for the action, inserting data to a MMR document, transferring data between documents, purchasing items, authoring actions or reviewing historical information about actions. The MMR system includes a variety of user applications (one or more actions) initiated by the MMR recognition of a text patch such as information retrieval for a travel guide book, stock listings or advertisements; information capture such as recording content from a conference, recording and storing multimedia associated with the document, capturing information for a calendar and on the fly authoring; purchasing media files for storage on any part of an MMR document.

209 citations

Patent
Jonathan J. Hull1, Berna Erol1, Jamey Graham1, Peter E. Hart1, Dar-Shyang Lee1, Kurt Piersol1 
22 Aug 2006
TL;DR: In this article, a Mixed Media Reality (MMR) system and associated techniques are described, which provides mechanisms for forming a mixed media document that includes media of at least two types, such as printed paper as a first medium and a digital photograph, digital movie, digital audio file or web link as a second medium.
Abstract: A Mixed Media Reality (MMR) system and associated techniques are disclosed. The MMR system of the present invention provides mechanisms for forming a mixed media document that includes media of at least two types, such as printed paper as a first medium and a digital photograph, digital movie, digital audio file, or web link as a second medium. Furthermore, the MMR system of the present invention facilitates business methods that take advantage of the combination of a portable electronic device, such as a cellular camera phone, and a paper document.

193 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Nicholas R. Howe1
TL;DR: An automatic technique for setting parameters in a manner that tunes them to the individual image, yielding a final binarization algorithm that can cut total error by one-third with respect to the baseline version is described.
Abstract: Document analysis systems often begin with binarization as a first processing stage. Although numerous techniques for binarization have been proposed, the results produced can vary in quality and often prove sensitive to the settings of one or more control parameters. This paper examines a promising approach to binarization based upon simple principles, and shows that its success depends most significantly upon the values of two key parameters. It further describes an automatic technique for setting these parameters in a manner that tunes them to the individual image, yielding a final binarization algorithm that can cut total error by one-third with respect to the baseline version. The results of this method advance the state of the art on recent benchmarks.

185 citations

Patent
31 Jul 2006
TL;DR: The MMR system as discussed by the authors provides mechanisms for forming a mixed media document that includes media of at least two types (e.g., printed paper as a first medium and digital content and/or web link as a second medium).
Abstract: A M ixed M edia R eality (MMR) system and associated techniques are disclosed. The MMR system provides mechanisms for forming a mixed media document that includes media of at least two types (e.g., printed paper as a first medium and digital content and/or web link as a second medium). In one particular embodiment, the MMR system includes a method, system, and computer program product for transforming characters corresponding to a hotspot in a document. An electronic document to be printed is parsed for a mark indicating a beginning point for a hotspot, a transformation rule is a applied to a portion of the electronic document between the mark indicating the beginning point for the hotspot and a mark indicating an ending point for the hotspot, and the transformed electronic document is rendered.

184 citations