Elisa Raffaelli

Bio: Elisa Raffaelli is an academic researcher from Marche Polytechnic University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Digitization & Cultural heritage. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 8 citations.

A digital reconstruction procedure from laser scanner survey to 3D printing: the theoretical model of the Arch of Trajan (Ancona)

Abstract: In recent years, the technologies for creating reality-based 3D models were enhanced and propagated in a large number of applications and research fields. This great evolution is due to the fact that these technologies are very useful, or rather ideal, to preserve, disseminate and restore cultural heritage, thanks to digitization and the realization of digital copies based on additive printing. In particular, 3D printing and virtual reality have determined the increase of a new field for data survey: the museum fruition. Therefore, they are becoming increasingly important. The aim of this article is to show the connection and the relationship between the development of the latest technologies and the cultural heritage: a digital reconstruction procedure from laser scanning survey to 3D printing of theoretical model, realized with a virtual reconstruction reality-based.

A Review of Polymer-Based Materials for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF): Focus on Sustainability and Recycled Materials

Abstract: Recently, Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), one of the most encouraging additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, has fascinated great attention. Although FFF is growing into a manufacturing device with considerable technological and material innovations, there still is a challenge to convert FFF-printed prototypes into functional objects for industrial applications. Polymer components manufactured by FFF process possess, in fact, low and anisotropic mechanical properties, compared to the same parts, obtained by using traditional building methods. The poor mechanical properties of the FFF-printed objects could be attributed to the weak interlayer bond interface that develops during the layer deposition process and to the commercial thermoplastic materials used. In order to increase the final properties of the 3D printed models, several polymer-based composites and nanocomposites have been proposed for FFF process. However, even if the mechanical properties greatly increase, these materials are not all biodegradable. Consequently, their waste disposal represents an important issue that needs an urgent solution. Several scientific researchers have therefore moved towards the development of natural or recyclable materials for FFF techniques. This review details current progress on innovative green materials for FFF, referring to all kinds of possible industrial applications, and in particular to the field of Cultural Heritage.

Experimental method for 3D reconstruction of Odonata wings (methodology and dataset).

Abstract: Insect wings are highly evolved structures with aerodynamic and structural properties that are not fully understood or systematically modeled. Most species in the insect order Odonata have permanently deployed high aspect ratio wings. Odonata have been documented to exhibit extraordinary flight performance and a wide range of interesting flight behaviors that rely on agility and efficiency. The characteristic three-dimensional corrugated structures of these wings have been observed and modeled for a small number of species, with studies showing that corrugations can provide significant aerodynamic and structural advantages. Comprehensive museum collections are the most practical source of Odonata wing, despite the risk of adverse effects caused by dehydration and preservation of specimens. Museum specimens are not to be handled or damaged and are best left undisturbed in their display enclosures. We have undertaken a systematic process of scanning, modeling, and post-processing the wings of over 80 Odonata species using a novel and accurate method and apparatus we developed for this purpose. The method allows the samples to stay inside their glass cases if necessary and is non-destructive. The measurements taken have been validated against micro-computed tomography scanning and against similar-sized objects with measured dimensions. The resulting publicly available dataset will allow aeronautical analysis of Odonata aerodynamics and structures, the study of the evolution of functional structures, and research into insect ecology. The technique is useable for other orders of insects and other fragile samples.

A proposal for a new standard quantification of damages of cultural heritages, based on 3D scanning

Abstract: In the field of Architectural Restoration, conservation is a fundamental matter to ensure the durability of a built heritage, with historical and artistic values. The process of Conservation consists in the planning of series of interventions, preceded by an accurate phase of investigation about all the main aspects characterizing the artefact. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a preliminary assessment of the general conditions and, eventually, to appraise the presence of pathologies, according to the recommendations contained in the International and European Standards. However, the limit of the major existing legislations is the lack of quantitative criteria to identify and classify alterations. This work aims to make a proposal for an integration of the existing standards, with the identification of meaningful parameters in correspondence of damages. The example application of the study is conducted on Palazzo Palmieri (Monopoli – Italy), through the analysis of photogrammetric 3D models.

Modelling of the Prophet Mosque in Virtual Reality

Abstract: Modernization and urban development have destroyed the original image of some architectural heritage. One example is the Prophet Mosque in Madinah, where, in its current state, has been through many modifications and expansion from the original form that is built by the prophet. As the original form of the mosque presents a significant historic origin and the culture surrounding that era, this project presents an approach to preserve the original form of this heritage using 3D imagery - particularly virtual reality in disseminating its archaeological, historical facts and heritage awareness for the global community. Firstly, we give an over-view of the data acquisition and the 3D reconstruction process of this heritage. Then we present the process of transferring the model into a virtual reality environment for real time navigation experience using a VR headset. This immersive experience for understanding and adding knowledge on the history of this important heritage is the main the contribution of this research and the model itself in 3D form can later be used by other scholars, researchers and many more for academic and/or public purposes.

Silent cultural heritage: digitalisation of the archaeological artefacts of Santa Lucia di Mendola for an interdisciplinary reconstructions

Abstract: La ricerca condotta ha indagato il sito di Santa Lucia di Mendola vicino a Siracusa. Il sito e stato scelto perche caratterizzato da “un'assenza”, la basilica normanna, i cui resti architettonici e scultorei decontestualizzati sono solo in parte visibilmente esposti nei musei, altri sono “invisibilmente” custoditi nei magazzini. L'indagine ha comportato una stretta collaborazione interdisciplinare e si basa su studi d'archivio e studi geometrici e formali di prodotti di rilievo. Le operazioni di rilievo sono state condotte con tecniche di alta precisione che hanno fornito uno scenario digitale dell'oggetto culturale. I risultati raggiunti consentono di diffondere virtualmente il patrimonio museale “silenzioso”, di non consegnarlo all'oblio e di realizzare un sistema di tutela della conoscenza e di diffusione culturale.