We found in our previous study that ethylenediamine- or ethanolamine-modified ammonium polyphosphates could be used alone as an intumescent flame retardant for polypropylene (PP), but their flame-retardant efficiency was not very high. In this present work, a novel highly-efficient mono-component polymeric intumescent flame retardant, piperazine-modified ammonium polyphosphate (PA-APP) was prepared. The oxygen index value of PP containing 22 wt % of PA-APP reached 31.2%, which increased by 58.4% compared with that of PP with equal amount of APP, and the vertical burning test (UL-94) could pass V-0 rating. Cone calorimeter (CC) results indicated that PP/PA-APP composite exhibited superior performance compared with PP/APP composite. For PP containing 25 wt % of PA-APP, fire growth rate (FGR) and smoke production rate (SPR) peak were reduced by 86.4% and 78.2%, respectively, compared with PP blended with 25 wt % APP. The relevant flame-retardant mechanism of PA-APP was investigated by Fourier transform infra...

An Efficient Mono-Component Polymeric Intumescent Flame Retardant for Polypropylene: Preparation and Application

Effects of diammonium phosphate on the flammability and mechanical properties of bio-composites

Review on flammability of biofibres and biocomposites.

Study of surface modification of nano-SiO2 with macromolecular coupling agent (LMPB-g-MAH)

Rigid polyurethane foam (PUF) filled with mixture of alumina trihydrate (ATH) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) as fire retardant additive was prepared with water as a blowing agent. In this study, the ATH content was varied from 10 to 100 parts per hundred polyol by weight (php), and TPP was used at a higher loading of ATH (75 and 100 php) in a ratio of 1 : 5 to enhance the processing during PUF preparation. The effects of ATH on properties such as density, compressive strength, morphological, thermal conductivity, thermal stability, flame-retardant (FR) behavior, and smoke characteristics were studied. The density and compressive strength of the ATH-filled PUF decreased initially and then increased with further increase in ATH content. There was no significant change in the thermal stability with increasing ATH loading. We determined the FR properties of these foam samples by measuring the limiting oxygen index (LOI), smoke density, rate of burning, and char yield. The addition of ATH with TPP to PUF significantly decreased the flame-spread rate and increased LOI. The addition of TPP resulted in easy processing and also improved FR characteristics of the foam. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010

Halogen-free flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams: Effect of alumina trihydrate and triphenylphosphate on the properties of polyurethane foams

Macromolecular coupling agents for flame retardant materials

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Elisângela Edila Schneider

Papers

Macromolecular coupling agents for flame retardant materials

A new adsorbent from avocado leaves: production, characterization, and optimization of its use