Author
Elizabeth Y. Rula
Bio: Elizabeth Y. Rula is an academic researcher from Vanderbilt University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Population & Medicine. The author has an hindex of 20, co-authored 46 publications receiving 1034 citations.
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TL;DR: Findings indicate that timely discharge follow-up by telephone to supplement standard care is effective at reducing near-term hospital readmissions and, thus, provides a means of reducing costs for health plans and their members.
Abstract: Recurrent hospitalizations are responsible for considerable health care spending, although prior studies have shown that a substantial proportion of readmissions are preventable through ef...
152 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that increased expression of the nonedited α3(I) subunit during brain development, when GABA is depolarizing, may allow the robust excitatory responses that are critical for normal synapse formation, and the strong chloride ion influx conducted by receptors containing the non edited α3-I subunit could act as a shunt to prevent excessive excitation, providing the delicate balance necessary for normal neuronal development.
Abstract: Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing of RNA transcripts is an increasingly recognized cellular strategy to modulate the function of proteins involved in neuronal excitability. We have characterized the editing of transcripts encoding the α3 subunit of heteromeric GABAA receptors (Gabra3), in which a genomically encoded isoleucine codon (ATA) is converted to a methionine codon (ATI) in a region encoding the predicted third transmembrane domain of this subunit. Editing at this position (I/M site) was regulated in a spatiotemporal manner with ∼90% of the Gabra3 transcripts edited in most regions of adult mouse brain, but with lower levels of editing in the hippocampus. Editing was low in whole-mouse brain at embryonic day 15 and increased during development, reaching maximal levels by postnatal day 7. GABA-evoked current in transfected cells expressing nonedited α3(I)β3γ2L GABAA receptors activated more rapidly and deactivated much more slowly than edited α3(M)β3γ2L receptors. Furthermore, currents from nonedited α3(I)β3γ2L receptors were strongly outwardly rectifying (corresponding to chloride ion influx), whereas currents from edited α3(M)β3γ2L receptors had a more linear current/voltage relationship. These studies suggest that increased expression of the nonedited α3(I) subunit during brain development, when GABA is depolarizing, may allow the robust excitatory responses that are critical for normal synapse formation. However, the strong chloride ion influx conducted by receptors containing the nonedited α3(I) subunit could act as a shunt to prevent excessive excitation, providing the delicate balance necessary for normal neuronal development.
97 citations
TL;DR: Members of SilverSneakers experienced better health through increased physical activity, reduced social isolation, and reduced loneliness, and the mechanisms by which membership reduces social isolation and loneliness were associated with better self-rated health.
Abstract: Objectives: To explore the effects of membership in a fitness program for older adults on social isolation, loneliness, and health. Method: Using survey responses from SilverSneakers members and matched nonmembers, regression path analysis was used to examine the influence of SilverSneakers membership on physical activity, social isolation, loneliness, and health, and the interrelationships among these concepts. Results: SilverSneakers membership directly increased physical activity and self-rated health, directly decreased social isolation, and indirectly decreased loneliness. Decreased social isolation and loneliness were associated with better self-rated health: social isolation and loneliness had independent direct effects on health, while social isolation also had an indirect effect on health mediated through loneliness. Discussion: Members of SilverSneakers experienced better health through increased physical activity, reduced social isolation, and reduced loneliness. Future research should explore independent effects of social isolation and loneliness on health and the mechanisms by which membership reduces social isolation and loneliness.
91 citations
TL;DR: It is indicated that scalable, tailored behavior change programs can effectively reduce health risk and accrue to improved well-being for participants.
Abstract: Tailored behavior change programs have proven effective at decreasing health risk factors, but the impact of such programs on participant well-being has not been tested. This randomized trial evaluated the impact of tailored telephone coaching and Internet interventions on health risk behaviors and individual well-being. Exercise and stress management were the primary health risks of interest; improvements in other health risk behaviors were secondary outcomes. A sample of 3391 individuals who reported health risk in the areas of exercise and stress management were randomly assigned to 3 groups: telephonic coaching that applied Transtheoretical Model (TTM) tailoring for exercise and minimal tailoring (stage of change) for stress management; an Internet program that applied TTM tailoring for stress management and minimal tailoring for exercise; or a control group that received an assessment only. Participants were administered the Well-Being Assessment and, at baseline, had relatively low well-being scores (mean, 60.9 out of 100 across all groups). At 6 months, a significantly higher percentage of both treatment groups progressed to the Action stage for exercise, stress management, healthy diet, and total number of health risks, compared to the control group. Both treatment groups also demonstrated significantly greater improvements on overall well-being and the domains of emotional health, physical health, life evaluation, and healthy behaviors. There were no differences between the groups for 2 well-being domains: basic access to needs and work environment. These results indicate that scalable, tailored behavior change programs can effectively reduce health risk and accrue to improved well-being for participants.
71 citations
TL;DR: This initial psychometric evidence suggests that the WBA-P and its subscales are valid measures of presenteeism that capture actionable well-being–related performance barriers.
Abstract: Objective: To develop a presenteeism assessment, the Well-Being Assessment for Productivity (WBA-P), that provides an informative evaluation of job performance loss due to well-being related barriers Method: The WBAP was developed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using survey data from 1827 employed individuals Evidence of criterion-related validity was established using multivariate analysis of variance across measures of health and well-being Results: Ah ierarchical, two-factor model demonstrated good fit and included factors capturing productivity loss from personal reasons (WBA-PP) and work environment (WBA-PW) Significant interactions existed between these and previously validated presenteeism measures with respect to physical and emotional health, risk factors, and life evaluation Conclusions: This initial psychometric evidence suggests that the WBA-P and its subscales are valid measures of presenteeism that capture actionable well-being‐related performance barriers
67 citations
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01 May 1981
TL;DR: This chapter discusses Detecting Influential Observations and Outliers, a method for assessing Collinearity, and its applications in medicine and science.
Abstract: 1. Introduction and Overview. 2. Detecting Influential Observations and Outliers. 3. Detecting and Assessing Collinearity. 4. Applications and Remedies. 5. Research Issues and Directions for Extensions. Bibliography. Author Index. Subject Index.
4,948 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys should be considered as a legitimate method for answering the question of why people do not respond to survey questions.
Abstract: 25. Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. By D. B. Rubin. ISBN 0 471 08705 X. Wiley, Chichester, 1987. 258 pp. £30.25.
3,216 citations
Journal Article•
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1,978 citations
TL;DR: No single intervention implemented alone was regularly associated with reduced risk for 30-day rehospitalization, and several common interventions have not been studied outside of multicomponent "discharge bundles."
Abstract: About 1 in 5 Medicare fee-for-service patients discharged from the hospital is rehospitalized within 30 days In this systematic review of 43 studies evaluating interventions to reduce readmission
1,075 citations