Ellis S. Krauss

TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of Japan's mixed-member electoral system is presented, showing that legislative organization is strongly influenced not only by individual legislators reelection incentives but also by their interest in their party gaining power and maintaining a strong party label.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors define presidentialization as the movement over time away from collective to personalized government, movement away from a pattern of governmental and electoral politics dominated by the political party towards one where the party leader becomes a more autonomous political force.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of Japan's 1994 electoral reform on Japan's governing party, the LDP, have been investigated and a central theme is unpredicted organizational adaptation.

TL;DR: This paper conducted a survey of 251 higher civil servants and 101 members of the government and opposition parties in the House of Representatives in Japan, supplemented by data from other surveys and, wherever possible, compared to equivalent data from western democracies.

TL;DR: The Koenkai: Origin and Development of a Vote-Mobilization Machine as mentioned in this paper, and the Koenkai Today: Institutional Change 4. Factions under the Single Nontransferable Vote Mixed-Member District System 5. Faction Today 6. Policy Affairs Research Council and Policymaking under the '55 System 7. Policy Analysis Research Council after Reform 8. Party Leadership in the'55 System 9. The Changing Role of Party Leadership 10. The Liberal Democratic Party out of Time?