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Elsa Olivetti

Bio: Elsa Olivetti is an academic researcher from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Scrap & Life-cycle assessment. The author has an hindex of 30, co-authored 114 publications receiving 3355 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
11 Oct 2017-Joule
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors track the metal content associated with compounds used in lithium-ion battery (LIB) and find that most of the key constituents, including manganese, nickel, and natural graphite, have sufficient supply to meet the anticipated increase in demand for LIBs.

808 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a methodology to automatically compile materials synthesis parameters across tens of thousands of scholarly publications using natural language processing techniques and applied machine learning methods to predict the critical parameters needed to synthesize titania nanotubes via hydrothermal methods and verify this result against known mechanisms.
Abstract: In the past several years, Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) efforts have produced myriad examples of computationally designed materials in the fields of energy storage, catalysis, thermoelectrics, and hydrogen storage as well as large data resources that are used to screen for potentially transformative compounds. The bottleneck in high-throughput materials design has thus shifted to materials synthesis, which motivates our development of a methodology to automatically compile materials synthesis parameters across tens of thousands of scholarly publications using natural language processing techniques. To demonstrate our framework’s capabilities, we examine the synthesis conditions for various metal oxides across more than 12 thousand manuscripts. We then apply machine learning methods to predict the critical parameters needed to synthesize titania nanotubes via hydrothermal methods and verify this result against known mechanisms. Finally, we demonstrate the capacity for transfer learning by using machin...

330 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of upgrading technologies available at both the industrial and lab-scale to improve aluminum scrap purity and facilitate recycling can be found in this paper, where the authors provide a trade-off between cost and efficacy (tramp removal).
Abstract: Aluminum recycling has a number of key environmental and economic benefits. With these energy and cost savings in mind, many producers now have targets of increasing their usage of secondary materials. However, the accumulation of impurities in these recycled material streams may provide a significant compositional barrier to these goals. A growing number of studies and literature suggest that accumulation of unwanted elements is a growing problem; for the case of aluminum, the list of problematic impurities is quite large, including but not limited to Si, Mg, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cr, Fe, Cu, V, and Mn. The removal of unwanted elements in the scrap stream is dictated by the energy considerations of the melt process. Compared to many metals, it is challenging to remove tramp elements from aluminium. Therefore, with no simple thermodynamic solution, producers must identify strategies throughout the production process to mitigate this elemental accumulation. There are a variety of solutions to deal with accumulation of undesired elements; each presents a trade-off between cost and efficacy (tramp removal). Dilution with primary is the most common solution used in industry today; this has a negative impact on recycling as the required dilution results in a compositionally determined cap to recycling rates. This article provides an overview of the expanse of upgrading technologies available at both the industrial and lab-scale to improve aluminum scrap purity and facilitate recycling.

256 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
06 Nov 2019-Nature
TL;DR: Methods of improving the direct sustainability of structural metals, in areas including reduced-carbon-dioxide primary production, recycling, scrap-compatible alloy design, contaminant tolerance of alloys and improved alloy longevity are described.
Abstract: Metallic materials have enabled technological progress over thousands of years. The accelerated demand for structural (that is, load-bearing) alloys in key sectors such as energy, construction, safety and transportation is resulting in predicted production growth rates of up to 200 per cent until 2050. Yet most of these materials require a lot of energy when extracted and manufactured and these processes emit large amounts of greenhouse gases and pollution. Here we review methods of improving the direct sustainability of structural metals, in areas including reduced-carbon-dioxide primary production, recycling, scrap-compatible alloy design, contaminant tolerance of alloys and improved alloy longevity. We discuss the effectiveness and technological readiness of individual measures and also show how novel structural materials enable improved energy efficiency through their reduced mass, higher thermal stability and better mechanical properties than currently available alloys. Structural metals enable improved energy efficiency through their reduced mass, higher thermal stability and better mechanical properties; here, methods of improving the sustainability of structural metals, from recycling to contaminant tolerance, are described.

230 citations


Cited by
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01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: This article investigated whether income inequality affects subsequent growth in a cross-country sample for 1965-90, using the models of Barro (1997), Bleaney and Nishiyama (2002) and Sachs and Warner (1997) with negative results.
Abstract: We investigate whether income inequality affects subsequent growth in a cross-country sample for 1965-90, using the models of Barro (1997), Bleaney and Nishiyama (2002) and Sachs and Warner (1997), with negative results. We then investigate the evolution of income inequality over the same period and its correlation with growth. The dominating feature is inequality convergence across countries. This convergence has been significantly faster amongst developed countries. Growth does not appear to influence the evolution of inequality over time. Outline

3,770 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the circular economy is most frequently depicted as a combination of reduce, reuse and recycle activities, whereas it is oftentimes not highlighted that CE necessitates a systemic shift.
Abstract: The circular economy concept has gained momentum both among scholars and practitioners. However, critics claim that it means many different things to different people. This paper provides further evidence for these critics. The aim of this paper is to create transparency regarding the current understandings of the circular economy concept. For this purpose, we have gathered 114 circular economy definitions which were coded on 17 dimensions. Our findings indicate that the circular economy is most frequently depicted as a combination of reduce, reuse and recycle activities, whereas it is oftentimes not highlighted that CE necessitates a systemic shift. We further find that the definitions show few explicit linkages of the circular economy concept to sustainable development. The main aim of the circular economy is considered to be economic prosperity, followed by environmental quality; its impact on social equity and future generations is barely mentioned. Furthermore, neither business models nor consumers are frequently outlined as enablers of the circular economy. We critically discuss the various circular economy conceptualizations throughout this paper. Overall, we hope to contribute via this study towards the coherence of the circular economy concept; we presume that significantly varying circular economy definitions may eventually result in the collapse of the concept.

3,018 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The main roles of material science in the development of LIBs are discussed, with a statement of caution for the current modern battery research along with a brief discussion on beyond lithium-ion battery chemistries.
Abstract: Over the past 30 years, significant commercial and academic progress has been made on Li-based battery technologies. From the early Li-metal anode iterations to the current commercial Li-ion batteries (LIBs), the story of the Li-based battery is full of breakthroughs and back tracing steps. This review will discuss the main roles of material science in the development of LIBs. As LIB research progresses and the materials of interest change, different emphases on the different subdisciplines of material science are placed. Early works on LIBs focus more on solid state physics whereas near the end of the 20th century, researchers began to focus more on the morphological aspects (surface coating, porosity, size, and shape) of electrode materials. While it is easy to point out which specific cathode and anode materials are currently good candidates for the next-generation of batteries, it is difficult to explain exactly why those are chosen. In this review, for the reader a complete developmental story of LIB should be clearly drawn, along with an explanation of the reasons responsible for the various technological shifts. The review will end with a statement of caution for the current modern battery research along with a brief discussion on beyond lithium-ion battery chemistries.

2,867 citations

01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: The Third edition of the Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology as mentioned in this paper was published in 1989, with the title "Kirk's Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology: Chemical Technology".
Abstract: 介绍了Kirk—Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology(化工技术百科全书)(第五版)电子图书网络版数据库,并对该数据库使用方法和检索途径作出了说明,且结合实例简单地介绍了该数据库的检索方法。

2,666 citations