NUDGE: IMPROVING DECISIONS ABOUT HEALTH, WEALTH, AND HAPPINESS by Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein Penguin Books, 2009, 312 pp, ISBN 978-0-14-311526-7This book is best described formally as a general explanation of and advocacy for libertarian paternalism, a term coined by the authors in earlier publications. Informally, it is about how leaders, systems, organizations, and governments can nudge people to do the things the nudgers want and need done for the betterment of the nudgees, or of society. It is paternalism in the sense that "it is legitimate for choice architects to try to influence people's behavior in order to make their lives longer, healthier, and better", (p. 5) It is libertarian in that "people should be free to do what they like - and to opt out of undesirable arrangements if they want to do so", (p. 5) The built-in possibility of opting out or making a different choice preserves freedom of choice even though people's behavior has been influenced by the nature of the presentation of the information or by the structure of the decisionmaking system. I had never heard of libertarian paternalism before reading this book, and I now find it fascinating.Written for a general audience, this book contains mostly social and behavioral science theory and models, but there is considerable discussion of structure and process that has roots in mathematical and quantitative modeling. One of the main applications of this social system is economic choice in investing, selecting and purchasing products and services, systems of taxes, banking (mortgages, borrowing, savings), and retirement systems. Other quantitative social choice systems discussed include environmental effects, health care plans, gambling, and organ donations. Softer issues that are also subject to a nudge-based approach are marriage, education, eating, drinking, smoking, influence, spread of information, and politics. There is something in this book for everyone.The basis for this libertarian paternalism concept is in the social theory called "science of choice", the study of the design and implementation of influence systems on various kinds of people. The terms Econs and Humans, are used to refer to people with either considerable or little rational decision-making talent, respectively. The various libertarian paternalism concepts and systems presented are tested and compared in light of these two types of people. Two foundational issues that this book has in common with another book, Network of Echoes: Imitation, Innovation and Invisible Leaders, that was also reviewed for this issue of the Journal are that 1 ) there are two modes of thinking (or components of the brain) - an automatic (intuitive) process and a reflective (rational) process and 2) the need for conformity and the desire for imitation are powerful forces in human behavior. …

Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness

Corruption and Growth

4. UNHCR notes with concern that although the country acceded to the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol in 1999, incorporation of the 1951 Convention obligations into national legislation and normative acts has been slow and to date Kazakhstan has failed to comply with its obligation to give full effect to the Covenant in the domestic legal order, inter alia providing for effective judicial and other remedies for violations of these rights

United Nations High Commission for Refugees

Introduction: Explaining the EU Political System PART I: GOVERNMENT Executive Politics Legislative Politics Judicial Politics PART II: POLITICS Public Opinion Democracy, Parties and Elections Interest Representation PART III: POLICY-MAKING Regulation of the Single Market Expenditure Policies Economic and Monetary Union Citizen Freedom and Security Policies Foreign Policies Conclusions: Rethinking the European Union Appendix: Decision-making Procedures of the European Union Bibliography

The political system of European Union

Thanks to the ready availability of political news today, informed citizens can protect and promote their own interests and the public interest more effectively. Or can they? Murray Edelman argues against this conventional interpretation of politics, one that takes for granted that we live in a world of facts and that people react rationally to the facts they know. In doing so, he explores in detail the ways in which the conspicuous aspects of the political scene are interpretations that systematically buttress established inequalities and interpretations already dominant political ideologies.

Constructing the Political Spectacle

Contents: Introduction: policing in the name of freedom, Didier Bigo and Elspeth Guild The legal framework: who is entitled to move?, Elspeth Guild Frontier controls in the European Union: who is in control?, Didier Bigo Who is entitled to work and who is in charge? Understanding the legal framework of European labour migration, Elspeth Guild Where does the State actually start? The contemporary governance of work and migration, John Crowley Looking at migrants as enemies, Anastassia Tsoukala The control of the enemy within? Police intelligence in the French suburbs (banlieues) and its relevance for globalization, Laurent Bonelli Policing by dossier: identification and surveillance in an era of uncertainty and fear, Ayse Ceyhan Policing at a distance: Schengen visa policies, Didier Bigo and Elspeth Guild Bibliography Index.

Controlling Frontiers: Free Movement Into and Within Europe

Current revelations about the secret US-NSA program, PRISM, have confirmed the large-scale mass surveillance of the telecommunication and electronic messages of governments, companies, and citizens, including the United States' closest allies in Europe and Latin America. The transnational ramifications of surveillance call for a re-evaluation of contemporary world politics' practices. The debate cannot be limited to the United States versus the rest of the world or to surveillance versus privacy; much more is at stake. This collective article briefly describes the specificities of cyber mass surveillance, including its mix of the practices of intelligence services and those of private companies providing services around the world. It then investigates the impact of these practices on national security, diplomacy, human rights, democracy, subjectivity, and obedience.

/pdf/after-snowden-rethinking-the-impact-of-surveillance-18e6hsgncm.pdf

After Snowden: Rethinking the Impact of Surveillance

Acknowledgements vi 1 Understanding security and migration in the twenty-first century 1 2 Migration, citizenship and the state 29 3 Migration, expulsion and the state 47 4 Armed conflict, flight and refugees 68 5 Migration, torture and the complicit state 87 6 Migration and data: documenting the non-national 108 7 Economy and migration 132 8 Foreigners, trafficking and globalization 155 9 Sovereignty, security and borders 176 Notes 192 Bibliography 199 Index 211

Security and Migration in the 21st Century

This paper examines how the refugee protection obligations of European countries have been affected by increasing integration and enlargement of the European Union. The creation of an EU area without internal border controls for the movement of persons has had a profound effect on the way in which countries in the European area interpret their protection obligations. On the one hand, there has been an attempt by EU Member States to justify an interpretation of protection obligations which permits a pooling of responsibility for asylum seekers and refugees among a number of states (often to the detriment of their neighbours), on the other, there has been an increasing judicialisation of protection duties at the supra-national level through the European Court of Human Rights which has pushed in the direction of a ‘collectivisation’ of responsibility. An important tension is evolving regarding the extent of protection obligations which is being played out on the body of the refugee: when is she within the jurisdiction and when is she not?

The Europeanisation of Europe's Asylum Policy

Contents: Understanding the contest of community: illiberal practices in the EU?, Elspeth Guild, Kees Groenendijk and Sergio Carrera. Part I Citizenship and Integration: The European Union: Political rights and multilevel citizenship in Europe, Jo Shaw Passing citizenship tests as a requirement for naturalisation: a comparative perspective, Gerard-RenA(c) de Groot, Jan-Jaap Kuipers and Franziska Weber European citizenship: a tool for integration?, Zeynep Yanasmayan. Part II Citizenship and Integration: The National Arenas: The impacts of EU enlargement on nation building and citizenship law, Judit TA^3th Justifying citizenship tests in the Netherlands and the UK, Ricky Van Oers Dual citizenship as an element of the integration process in receiving societies: the case of Slovenia, Barbara KejA3/4ar Religious citizenship as a substitute for immigrant integration? The governance of diversity in Austria, Julia MourAGBPo Permoser and Sieglinde Rosenberger. Part III Immigration and Integration: The European Union: Doing and deserving: competing frames of integration in the EU, Dora Kostakopoulou, Sergio Carrera and Moritz Jesse Missing in action: effective protection for 3rd-country nationals from discrimination under Community law, Moritz Jesse Free movement as a precondition for integration of 3rd-country nationals in the EU, Sara Iglesias SA!nchez Access to social assistance benefits and Directive 2004/38, Paul Minderhoud. Part IV Immigration and Integration:The National Arenas: Integration and immigration: the vicissitudes of Dutch 'Inburgering', Leonard F.M. Besselink Liberal states a " privatised integration policies?, Ines Michalowski The integration agenda in British migration law, Bernard Ryan Discrimination instead of integration? Integration requirements for immigrants in Denmark and Germany, Anja Wiesbrock Nationality, Immigration and 'the republican integration' in France: normativisation, expansionism and externalisation, Sergio Carrera Immigration and the construction of public philosophy(ies) of integration in Spain, Ruth Ferrero-TurriA^3n and Gemma Pinyol-JimA(c)nez Insertion, integration and rejection of immigration in Italy, Salvatore Palidda Bibliography Index.

Elspeth Guild

Papers

Controlling Frontiers: Free Movement Into and Within Europe

After Snowden: Rethinking the Impact of Surveillance

Security and Migration in the 21st Century

The Europeanisation of Europe's Asylum Policy

Illiberal Liberal States: Immigration, Citizenship and Integration in the EU