Author
Eric J. Topol
Other affiliations: Loyola University Chicago, Cleveland Clinic, University of Ottawa ...read more
Bio: Eric J. Topol is an academic researcher from Scripps Health. The author has contributed to research in topics: Myocardial infarction & Angioplasty. The author has an hindex of 193, co-authored 1373 publications receiving 151025 citations. Previous affiliations of Eric J. Topol include Loyola University Chicago & Cleveland Clinic.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In the present study, Tc99m sestamibi was used, yielding high-quality gated SPECT images permitting quantitative assessment of perfusion, regional function, and measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction.
Abstract: positive ST2 responses because of the design of our study. Only a few studies have addressed the diagnostic or prognostic value of ischemic ST2 occurring solely during recovery after exercise. Nearly all have used coronary angiography as the “gold standard,” and 1 had evaluation of myocardial perfusion by nongated planar Tl-201 scintigraphy. In the present study, Tc99m sestamibi was used, yielding high-quality gated SPECT images permitting quantitative assessment of perfusion, regional function, and measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction. Gianrossi et al indicated that the sensitivity of the exercise electrocardiogram for CAD detection is lower when performed in conjunction with Tl-201 scintigraphy, because ST monitoring during recovery is sacrificed for expediency in Tl-201 imaging. With perfusion imaging studies using Tc-99m, image acquisition commences approximately 30 minutes after exercise, so that the imaging protocol does not interfere with recovery ST-segment monitoring.
139 citations
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TL;DR: Findings suggest that a history of prior angina is not necessarily associated with an unfavorable short-term prognosis after reperfusion therapy, and may be related to the beneficial effects of collateral vessels, myocardial preconditioning, or differences in the native fibrinolytic system.
138 citations
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TL;DR: Although atenolol appears to improve outcomes after thrombolysis for myocardial infarction, early intravenous atenorol seems of limited value.
138 citations
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TL;DR: The REPLACE-2 Investigators include Dr. Michael Lincoff, MD John A. Bittl, MD Robert A. Harrington, MD Frederick Feit, MD Neal S. Kleiman, MD J.A. Sarembock, MD David J. Cohen, MD Douglas Spriggs, MD Ramin Ebrahimi, MD Gadi Keren, MD Jeffrey Carr, MD Eric A. Topol, MD for the REPLace-2 investigators.
Abstract: A. Michael Lincoff, MD John A. Bittl, MD Robert A. Harrington, MD Frederick Feit, MD Neal S. Kleiman, MD J. Daniel Jackman, MD Ian J. Sarembock, MD David J. Cohen, MD Douglas Spriggs, MD Ramin Ebrahimi, MD Gadi Keren, MD Jeffrey Carr, MD Eric A. Cohen, MD Amadeo Betriu, MD Walter Desmet, MD Dean J. Kereiakes, MD Wolfgang Rutsch, MD Robert G. Wilcox, MD Pim J. de Feyter, MD Alec Vahanian, MD Eric J. Topol, MD for the REPLACE-2 Investigators
138 citations
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TL;DR: Combination therapy (abciximab and reteplase) did not reduce mortality over 1 year compared with fibrinolytic therapy with rete Plasminogen activator alone.
Abstract: ContextAmong patients with acute myocardial infarction, combination reperfusion
therapy with a platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor (abciximab)
and a half dose of a plasminogen activator (reteplase) did not significantly
reduce mortality at 30 days compared with a full dose of reteplase. Rates
of nonfatal ischemic complications were significantly diminished.ObjectiveTo determine if the beneficial effects of abciximab and reteplase (combination
therapy) on early nonfatal complications would translate into a reduction
in the risk of death by 1 year.Design, Setting, and PatientsOne-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial (Global Use of Strategies
To Open Coronary Arteries [GUSTO] V). Of 16 588 patients who had been
treated in 820 community and referral hospitals in 20 countries between July
1999 and February 2001, mortality data were available for 16 453 (99.2%).InterventionPatients were randomly assigned to receive (intravenously) a standard
dose of reteplase (two 10-U boluses, 30 minutes apart) or the combination
of a standard dose of abciximab (0.25 mg/kg bolus, 0.125 µg/kg per minute
infusion [maximum 10 µg/min for 12 hours]) and a half dose of reteplase
(two 5-U boluses, 30 minutes apart).Main Outcome MeasureOne-year all-cause mortality rates.ResultsAll-cause mortality at 1 year occurred in 692 (8.38%) of 8260 patients
in the reteplase group and 698 (8.38%) of the 8328 patients in the combination
therapy group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-1.11; P>.99). Reinfarction within the first 7 days occurred in
3.5% of patients in the reteplase group and 2.3% of patients in the combination
therapy group, and was significantly associated with 1-year mortality (22.6%
in patients with reinfarction vs 8.0% in patients without reinfarction; HR,
3.08; 95% CI, 2.53-3.75; P<.001). However, treatment
assignment did not significantly influence time of mortality regardless of
reinfarction status.ConclusionCombination therapy (abciximab and reteplase) did not reduce mortality
over 1 year compared with fibrinolytic therapy with reteplase alone.
138 citations
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TL;DR: This work introduces PLINK, an open-source C/C++ WGAS tool set, and describes the five main domains of function: data management, summary statistics, population stratification, association analysis, and identity-by-descent estimation, which focuses on the estimation and use of identity- by-state and identity/descent information in the context of population-based whole-genome studies.
Abstract: Whole-genome association studies (WGAS) bring new computational, as well as analytic, challenges to researchers. Many existing genetic-analysis tools are not designed to handle such large data sets in a convenient manner and do not necessarily exploit the new opportunities that whole-genome data bring. To address these issues, we developed PLINK, an open-source C/C++ WGAS tool set. With PLINK, large data sets comprising hundreds of thousands of markers genotyped for thousands of individuals can be rapidly manipulated and analyzed in their entirety. As well as providing tools to make the basic analytic steps computationally efficient, PLINK also supports some novel approaches to whole-genome data that take advantage of whole-genome coverage. We introduce PLINK and describe the five main domains of function: data management, summary statistics, population stratification, association analysis, and identity-by-descent estimation. In particular, we focus on the estimation and use of identity-by-state and identity-by-descent information in the context of population-based whole-genome studies. This information can be used to detect and correct for population stratification and to identify extended chromosomal segments that are shared identical by descent between very distantly related individuals. Analysis of the patterns of segmental sharing has the potential to map disease loci that contain multiple rare variants in a population-based linkage analysis.
26,280 citations
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TL;DR: Because of the increased complexity of analysis and interpretation of clinical genetic testing described in this report, the ACMG strongly recommends thatclinical molecular genetic testing should be performed in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments–approved laboratory, with results interpreted by a board-certified clinical molecular geneticist or molecular genetic pathologist or the equivalent.
17,834 citations
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TL;DR: Lifetime prevalence estimates are higher in recent cohorts than in earlier cohorts and have fairly stable intercohort differences across the life course that vary in substantively plausible ways among sociodemographic subgroups.
Abstract: Context Little is known about lifetime prevalence or age of onset of DSM-IV disorders. Objective To estimate lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the recently completed National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Design and Setting Nationally representative face-to-face household survey conducted between February 2001 and April 2003 using the fully structured World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Participants Nine thousand two hundred eighty-two English-speaking respondents aged 18 years and older. Main Outcome Measures Lifetime DSM-IV anxiety, mood, impulse-control, and substance use disorders. Results Lifetime prevalence estimates are as follows: anxiety disorders, 28.8%; mood disorders, 20.8%; impulse-control disorders, 24.8%; substance use disorders, 14.6%; any disorder, 46.4%. Median age of onset is much earlier for anxiety (11 years) and impulse-control (11 years) disorders than for substance use (20 years) and mood (30 years) disorders. Half of all lifetime cases start by age 14 years and three fourths by age 24 years. Later onsets are mostly of comorbid conditions, with estimated lifetime risk of any disorder at age 75 years (50.8%) only slightly higher than observed lifetime prevalence (46.4%). Lifetime prevalence estimates are higher in recent cohorts than in earlier cohorts and have fairly stable intercohort differences across the life course that vary in substantively plausible ways among sociodemographic subgroups. Conclusions About half of Americans will meet the criteria for a DSM-IV disorder sometime in their life, with first onset usually in childhood or adolescence. Interventions aimed at prevention or early treatment need to focus on youth.
17,213 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a randomized controlled trial of Aliskiren in the Prevention of Major Cardiovascular Events in Elderly people was presented. But the authors did not discuss the effect of the combination therapy in patients living with systolic hypertension.
Abstract: ABCD
: Appropriate Blood pressure Control in Diabetes
ABI
: ankle–brachial index
ABPM
: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
ACCESS
: Acute Candesartan Cilexetil Therapy in Stroke Survival
ACCOMPLISH
: Avoiding Cardiovascular Events in Combination Therapy in Patients Living with Systolic Hypertension
ACCORD
: Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes
ACE
: angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACTIVE I
: Atrial Fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for Prevention of Vascular Events
ADVANCE
: Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron-MR Controlled Evaluation
AHEAD
: Action for HEAlth in Diabetes
ALLHAT
: Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart ATtack
ALTITUDE
: ALiskiren Trial In Type 2 Diabetes Using Cardio-renal Endpoints
ANTIPAF
: ANgioTensin II Antagonist In Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
APOLLO
: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Aliskiren in the Prevention of Major Cardiovascular Events in Elderly People
ARB
: angiotensin receptor blocker
ARIC
: Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities
ARR
: aldosterone renin ratio
ASCOT
: Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial
ASCOT-LLA
: Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial—Lipid Lowering Arm
ASTRAL
: Angioplasty and STenting for Renal Artery Lesions
A-V
: atrioventricular
BB
: beta-blocker
BMI
: body mass index
BP
: blood pressure
BSA
: body surface area
CA
: calcium antagonist
CABG
: coronary artery bypass graft
CAPPP
: CAPtopril Prevention Project
CAPRAF
: CAndesartan in the Prevention of Relapsing Atrial Fibrillation
CHD
: coronary heart disease
CHHIPS
: Controlling Hypertension and Hypertension Immediately Post-Stroke
CKD
: chronic kidney disease
CKD-EPI
: Chronic Kidney Disease—EPIdemiology collaboration
CONVINCE
: Controlled ONset Verapamil INvestigation of CV Endpoints
CT
: computed tomography
CV
: cardiovascular
CVD
: cardiovascular disease
D
: diuretic
DASH
: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
DBP
: diastolic blood pressure
DCCT
: Diabetes Control and Complications Study
DIRECT
: DIabetic REtinopathy Candesartan Trials
DM
: diabetes mellitus
DPP-4
: dipeptidyl peptidase 4
EAS
: European Atherosclerosis Society
EASD
: European Association for the Study of Diabetes
ECG
: electrocardiogram
EF
: ejection fraction
eGFR
: estimated glomerular filtration rate
ELSA
: European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis
ESC
: European Society of Cardiology
ESH
: European Society of Hypertension
ESRD
: end-stage renal disease
EXPLOR
: Amlodipine–Valsartan Combination Decreases Central Systolic Blood Pressure more Effectively than the Amlodipine–Atenolol Combination
FDA
: U.S. Food and Drug Administration
FEVER
: Felodipine EVent Reduction study
GISSI-AF
: Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico-Atrial Fibrillation
HbA1c
: glycated haemoglobin
HBPM
: home blood pressure monitoring
HOPE
: Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation
HOT
: Hypertension Optimal Treatment
HRT
: hormone replacement therapy
HT
: hypertension
HYVET
: HYpertension in the Very Elderly Trial
IMT
: intima-media thickness
I-PRESERVE
: Irbesartan in Heart Failure with Preserved Systolic Function
INTERHEART
: Effect of Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors associated with Myocardial Infarction in 52 Countries
INVEST
: INternational VErapamil SR/T Trandolapril
ISH
: Isolated systolic hypertension
JNC
: Joint National Committee
JUPITER
: Justification for the Use of Statins in Primary Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin
LAVi
: left atrial volume index
LIFE
: Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in Hypertensives
LV
: left ventricle/left ventricular
LVH
: left ventricular hypertrophy
LVM
: left ventricular mass
MDRD
: Modification of Diet in Renal Disease
MRFIT
: Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
MRI
: magnetic resonance imaging
NORDIL
: The Nordic Diltiazem Intervention study
OC
: oral contraceptive
OD
: organ damage
ONTARGET
: ONgoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial
PAD
: peripheral artery disease
PATHS
: Prevention And Treatment of Hypertension Study
PCI
: percutaneous coronary intervention
PPAR
: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
PREVEND
: Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENdstage Disease
PROFESS
: Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Secondary Strokes
PROGRESS
: Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study
PWV
: pulse wave velocity
QALY
: Quality adjusted life years
RAA
: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
RAS
: renin-angiotensin system
RCT
: randomized controlled trials
RF
: risk factor
ROADMAP
: Randomized Olmesartan And Diabetes MicroAlbuminuria Prevention
SBP
: systolic blood pressure
SCAST
: Angiotensin-Receptor Blocker Candesartan for Treatment of Acute STroke
SCOPE
: Study on COgnition and Prognosis in the Elderly
SCORE
: Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation
SHEP
: Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program
STOP
: Swedish Trials in Old Patients with Hypertension
STOP-2
: The second Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension
SYSTCHINA
: SYSTolic Hypertension in the Elderly: Chinese trial
SYSTEUR
: SYSTolic Hypertension in Europe
TIA
: transient ischaemic attack
TOHP
: Trials Of Hypertension Prevention
TRANSCEND
: Telmisartan Randomised AssessmeNt Study in ACE iNtolerant subjects with cardiovascular Disease
UKPDS
: United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study
VADT
: Veterans' Affairs Diabetes Trial
VALUE
: Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-term Use Evaluation
WHO
: World Health Organization
### 1.1 Principles
The 2013 guidelines on hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and the European Society of Cardiology …
14,173 citations
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TL;DR: The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements project provides new insights into the organization and regulation of the authors' genes and genome, and is an expansive resource of functional annotations for biomedical research.
Abstract: The human genome encodes the blueprint of life, but the function of the vast majority of its nearly three billion bases is unknown. The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project has systematically mapped regions of transcription, transcription factor association, chromatin structure and histone modification. These data enabled us to assign biochemical functions for 80% of the genome, in particular outside of the well-studied protein-coding regions. Many discovered candidate regulatory elements are physically associated with one another and with expressed genes, providing new insights into the mechanisms of gene regulation. The newly identified elements also show a statistical correspondence to sequence variants linked to human disease, and can thereby guide interpretation of this variation. Overall, the project provides new insights into the organization and regulation of our genes and genome, and is an expansive resource of functional annotations for biomedical research.
13,548 citations