计量经济分析 = Econometric analysis

The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future.

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The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels

The following sections are included:Markets and the Poor: Opportunities and ExperiencesLessons from the poorDimensions of Poverty and the Institutional Foundations of the Market: An Integrating FrameworkTransactions cost economics, social capital, and powerTransactions cost economicsEmbeddedness, trust, and social capitalMarket powerThe Sustainable Livelihoods Framework and the Many Dimensions of PovertyMapping Poverty and Market OutcomesAsset ownership, including access to informationVulnerability and riskSocial marginalization and lack of powerPolicy ImplicationsImproving access to market information systems and infrastructureSupporting collective actionSupporting alternative institutional schemesAddressing risk and vulnerabilityAddressing discrimination and social barriersBuilding the asset base of the poorConclusionsReferences

Making Markets Work for the Poor

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into the ancient susu savings operation in Ghana and the behavioural intention or willingness of susu collectors and users to adopt a mobile money (MM) platform as part of their savings practices. More specifically, this study investigates factors that determine one’s intention to adopt the MM space as a savings channel, particularly in place of more traditional ways of saving among many people in West Africa. Design/methodology/approach – Using field survey data from market traders and susu collectors in several local markets in Ghana, and applying Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) and Technological Adoption Model (TAM) conceptual frameworks, this study has produced some interesting findings. A logistic regression model was used for the empirical analysis. Findings – Generally, among the susu collectors, the author found perceived risk, education level, relative advantage and the age of the collector to be statistically significant in influencing...

/pdf/what-drives-behavioral-intention-of-mobile-money-adoption-1abeg9m866.pdf

What drives behavioral intention of mobile money adoption? The case of ancient susu saving operations in Ghana

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of financing preference of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) whilst distinguishing a broader range of financing sources beyond what is typically the case within the corporate finance literature.Design/methodology/approach – Under the framework of ordinal logistic regression, the paper also tests whether there is evidence of hierarchical preference ordering as predicted by pecking order theory (POH) using field survey data for 2009.Findings – The authors relate that new enterprises are more likely to prefer low cost and less risky or less formal financing such as internal or bootstrap finances. However, as the enterprise gets established or matures, its capacity to seek formal financing increases, thereby becoming more likely to prefer or being in a higher category of formal financing. While the paper affirms the POH, it is argued that this order is a consequence of severe persistent constraints other than sheer preference. The finding...

Microenterprise financing preference: Testing POH within the context of Ghana's rural financial market

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the influence of the central bank’s regulatory capital on commercial banks specific performance outcomes such as credit supply, interest rate spread (as a measure of efficiency) and non-performing loans (NPLs). Design/methodology/approach – Using specific commercial bank-level panel data from 2002-2012, a system of equations was modeled that allows us to apply the system generalized methods of moment approach and estimate the equations, while controlling for specific bank level, industry and macroeconomic variables. Findings – The study finds a positive relationship between a net minimum capital ratio and the net interest margin. Although this is in contrast with the study expectations, the result suggests that a high net minimum capital requirement would widen the spread between the lending and saving rates. The study further finds evidence to support the fact that high minimum capital requirement and excess capital above the minimum required drive credit growth i...

Regulatory capital and its effect on credit growth, non-performing loans and bank efficiency

We use methods developed by the Commitment to Equity Institute to assess the effects of government taxation, social spending and indirect subsidies on poverty and inequality in Ghana. We also simulate several policy reforms to assess their distributional consequences. Results show that, although the country has some very progressive taxes and well-targeted expenditures, the extent of fiscal redistribution is small, but about what one would expect given Ghana's income level and relatively low initial inequality. Results for poverty reduction are less encouraging: were it not for the in-kind benefits from health and education spending, the overall effect of government spending and taxation would actually increase poverty in Ghana. Eliminating energy subsidies and at the same time reallocating part of the savings to well-targeted transfer programs could lower the fiscal deficit while reducing inequality and protecting the poor.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/rode.12299

Fiscal Incidence in Ghana

This study empirically investigates whether the level of human development drives greater financial inclusion, and vice versa in the contexts of frontier markets. The dynamic panel generalized methods of moments (System‐GMM) methodology is employed to analyze data spanning from 2005 to 2014 for twenty (20) frontier markets by Standard and Poor's Indices. The study finds that human development is a catalyst for financial inclusion scale‐up in the banking industry, which in turn, augments the development process. It establishes fresh evidence that income level, financial literacy, and healthy lives are the decisive factors for financial inclusion scale‐up in the banking industry. It finds new evidence that the underlying cause of low financial inclusion is low human development. The study concludes that low human development causes low financial inclusion. Also, promoting financial inclusion through the banking sector is very instrumental to stimulating human development, thus the reverse applies in frontier markets. The study implies that low living standards, poor health, high illiteracy, and deprived well‐being and freedom largely account for low financial inclusion hence its spillover effect of having low human development in frontier market countries.

Eric Osei-Assibey

Papers

What drives behavioral intention of mobile money adoption? The case of ancient susu saving operations in Ghana

Microenterprise financing preference: Testing POH within the context of Ghana's rural financial market

Regulatory capital and its effect on credit growth, non-performing loans and bank efficiency

Fiscal Incidence in Ghana

Financial inclusion and human development in frontier countries