Author
Erich Labouvie
Other affiliations: Federal University of São Paulo
Bio: Erich Labouvie is an academic researcher from Rutgers University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Poison control & Substance abuse. The author has an hindex of 47, co-authored 82 publications receiving 7754 citations. Previous affiliations of Erich Labouvie include Federal University of São Paulo.
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TL;DR: The results suggest that the RAPI may be a useful tool for the standardized and efficient assessment of problem drinking during adolescence.
Abstract: Longitudinal data were obtained from a nonclinical sample of 1,308 male and female adolescents covering the age range from 12 to 21. Factor analyses of 52 symptoms and/or consequences of alcohol use yielded three problem dimensions. In addition, a unidimensional, 23-item scale (the Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index, RAPI) was constructed with an internal consistency of .92. Correlations between RAPI and alcohol-use intensity were moderately strong for all age groups at each test occasion (ranging from .20 to .57), yet low enough to suggest that identification of problem drinkers requires both types of measures. The results suggest that the RAPI may be a useful tool for the standardized and efficient assessment of problem drinking during adolescence.
1,673 citations
TL;DR: Results indicated that increased affiliation with AA predicted better outcomes, and the effects of AA affiliation was related to maintenance of self-efficacy and motivation, as well as to increased active coping efforts.
Abstract: Relatively little is known about how substance abuse treatment facilitates positive outcomes. This study examined the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action of affiliation with Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) after treatment. Patients (N = 100) in intensive 12-step substance abuse treatment were assessed during treatment and at 1- and 6-month follow-ups. Results indicated that increased affiliation with AA predicted better outcomes. The effects of AA affiliation were mediated by a set of common change factors. Affiliation with AA after treatment was related to maintenance of self-efficacy and motivation, as well as to increased active coping efforts. These processes, in turn, were significant predictors of outcome. Findings help to illustrate the value of embedding a test of explanatory models in an evaluation study.
329 citations
TL;DR: High alcohol outlet density is associated with high rates of violent crime in this urban community, and spatial analysis suggests that alcohol outlets elevate the rate ofviolent crime within the immediate neighborhood context, not in surrounding neighborhoods.
Abstract: Objective: This study examined the relationship between neighborhood social structure, alcohol outlet densities and violent crime in Camden, New Jersey. Method: Data pertaining to neighborhood social structure, violent crime and alcohol density were collected for 98 block groups, and analyzed using bivariate, multivariate and spatial analyses. Results: Each type of analysis showed that those areas with high alcohol outlet densities experienced more violent crime than low-density areas, after controlling for neighborhood social structure. In the multivariate regression analysis, alcohol outlet densities explained close to one fifth of the variability in violent crime rates across block groups--more than any one of the neighborhood structural variables included in the analysis. These findings were replicated in the spatial analysis, which also showed that alcohol outlet densities contributed significantly to violent crime within target block groups but not in adjacent block groups. Conclusions: High alcohol...
306 citations
TL;DR: Self-reported loss of control over eating was related to weight regain after GBP and may be an important target for clinical intervention.
Abstract: Background: A better understanding of the relationship of eating behavior and attitudes to weight loss following gastric bypass (GBP) will enable the development of interventions to improve outcome. Thus, the present study sought to characterize the postoperative weight, eating behavior, and attitudes toward body shape and weight in a cross-section of GBP patients. A second objective was to examine the relationship of postoperative binge eating to surgery outcome. Methods: 99 patients who underwent GBP >2 and <7 years before the study start date completed the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). Subjects self-reported their current body weight, weight change over the past 3 months, and lowest weight since surgery. Results: BMI remained significantly below the preoperative level, but significant weight regain was reported at long-term follow-up. 46% of participants reported recurrent loss of control over eating (objective or subjective bulimic episodes) on the EDE-Q. These patients constituted a distinctive subgroup with a less favorable outcome, including greater weight regain. Conclusion: Self-reported loss of control over eating was related to weight regain after GBP and may be an important target for clinical intervention. The relationship of binge eating and related psychopathology to outcome following GBP warrants further investigation.
292 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that nonstudents may be a more important target group than college students for drug use prevention efforts during emerging adulthood.
Abstract: This study examines transitions in alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use and alcohol- and marijuana-related problems from late adolescence through young adulthood. Men and women who attend college are compared to their peers who do not to determine if the situational/socialization effects of college are unique during this developmental period. Prospective data from a community sample were collected at ages 18, 21, and 30 years. ANOVAs revealed that 18 year olds who transition out of high school, regardless of college status, reported higher levels of substance use than their peers who were still in high school. In addition, nonstudents compared to college students reported higher levels of cigarette and marijuana use in adolescence, emerging adulthood, and young adulthood and higher levels of alcohol- and marijuana-related problems in adolescence and young adulthood. Latent growth curve analyses revealed that college status was related to lower levels of alcohol and marijuana problems at age 18, greater i...
274 citations
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6,278 citations
TL;DR: The authors suggest that the most promising route to effective strategies for the prevention of adolescent alcohol and other drug problems is through a risk-focused approach.
Abstract: The authors suggest that the most promising route to effective strategies for the prevention of adolescent alcohol and other drug problems is through a risk-focused approach. This approach requires the identification of risk factors for drug abuse, identification of methods by which risk factors have been effectively addressed, and application of these methods to appropriate high-risk and general population samples in controlled studies. The authors review risk and protective factors for drug abuse, assess a number of approaches for drug abuse prevention potential with high-risk groups, and make recommendations for research and practice.
5,348 citations
TL;DR: Developmental changes in prefrontal cortex and limbic brain regions of adolescents across a variety of species, alterations that include an apparent shift in the balance between mesocortical and mesolimbic dopamine systems likely contribute to the unique characteristics of adolescence.
4,985 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the applicability of consumer behavior theories developed in one country to other countries is investigated. But, in order for such comparisons to be meaningful, the instruments used to measure the theoretical constructs of interest have to exhibit adequate cross-national equivalence.
Abstract: Assessing the applicability of frameworks developed in one country to other countries is an important step in establishing the generalizability of consumer behavior theories. In order for such comparisons to be meaningful, however, the instruments used to measure the theoretical constructs of interest have to exhibit adequate cross-national equivalence. We review the various forms of measurement invariance that have been proposed in the literature, organize them into a coherent conceptual framework that ties different requirements of measure equivalence to the goals of the research, and propose a practical, sequential testing procedure for assessing measurement invariance in cross-national consumer research. The approach is based on multisample confirmatory factor analysis and clarifies under what conditions meaningful comparisons of construct conceptualizations, construct means, and relationships between constructs are possible. An empirical application dealing with the single-factor construct of consumer ethnocentrism in Belgium, Great Britain, and Greece is provided to illustrate the procedure.
4,261 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a general strain theory of crime and delinquency that is capable of overcoming the criticisms of previous strain theories, and argue that strain has a central role to play in explanations of crime/delinquency, but that the theory has to be substantially revised to play this role.
Abstract: This paper presents a general strain theory of crime and delinquency that is capable of overcoming the criticisms of previous strain theories. In the first section, strain theory is distinguished from social control and differential association/social learning theory. In the second section, the three major types of strain are described: (1) strain as the actual or anticipated failure to achieve positively valued goals, (2) strain as the actual or anticipated removal of positively valued stimuli, and (3) strain as the actual or anticipated presentation of negatively valued stimuli. In the third section, guidelines for the measurement of strain are presented. And in the fourth section, the major adaptations to strain are described, and thcwe factors influencing the choice of delinquent versus nondelinquent adaptations are discussed. After dominating deviance research in the 196Os, strain theory came under heavy attack in the 1970s (Bernard, 1984; Cole, 1975), with several prominent researchers suggesting that the theory be abandoned (Hirschi, 1969; Kornhauser, 1978). Strain theory has survived those attacks, but its influence is much diminished (see Agnew, 1985a; Bernard, 1984; Farnworth and Leiber, 1989). In particular, variables derived from strain theory now play a very limited role in explanations of crime/delinquency. Several recent causal models of delinquency, in fact, either entirely exchde strain variables or assign them a small role (e.g., Elliott et al., 1985; Johnson, 1979; Massey and Krohn, 1986; Thornberry, 1987; Tonry et al., 1991). Causal models of crime/delinquency are dominated, instead, by variables derived from differential association/social learning theory and social control theory. This paper argues that strain theory has a central role to play in explanations of crime/delinquency, but that the theory has to be substantially revised to play this role. Most empirical studies of strain theory continue to rely on the strain models developed by Merton (1938), A. Cohen (1955), and Cloward and Ohlin (1960). In recent years, however, a wealth of research in several fields has questioned certain of the assumptions underlying those theories and pointed to new directions for the development of strain theory. Most notable in this area is the research on stress in medical sociology and psychology, on equity/justice in social psychology, and on aggression in psychology-particularly recent versions of frustration-aggression and social
3,854 citations