The important issue relating to water resources is sea water intrusion (SWI) phenomena. Nowadays, the phenomena has become serious problem in the urban coastal area. Groundwater as main sources for domestic usage cannot be used again because of its salinity.Cilacap as one of urban coastal area also face the problem. In 1977 SWIwas detectedand experienced significant developmentsin 1996,This research was conducted to: (1) analyze agroundwater vulnerability to the SWI; (2) determine adistance and adepth theinterface; and (3) analyze relationship of the groundwater vulnerability to the interface depth.It was performed an analysis of the groundwater vulnerability to the SWI using the method of GALDIT, whereas the distance and depth of the interface was determined using the method of DupuitGhyben-Herzberg. The linkage analysis of the groundwater vulnerability to the depth of the actual interface was conducted by quantitative descriptively.The results showed that the distance from the shoreline was the most determined factor of the groundwater vulnerability to the SWI, the closer to the shoreline the more swallow the depth of the interface.  It existed the relevance between the vulnerability level of groundwater to the SWI with the depth of actual interface. The regions with low level of vulnerability had deep interface depth, whereas the regions with moderate level of vulnerability had swallow interface depth.  Nevertheless, the SWI has not yet affected the groundwater in people wells because of its depth that was not yet exceeded of 25 m.so that this depth can be used as a reference in digging wells in the research area++

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Groundwater Vulnerability from Sea Water Intrusion in Coastal Area Cilacap, Indonesia

The groundwater vulnerability to pollution refers to the ease of pollutants reaching groundwater, so the groundwater will be polluted. The concept shows a probability that pollution will occured which basically bases on the assumption that the physical environment can prevent the flow of pollutants into the aquifer. The purpose of this study was to predict the vulnerability of groundwater in the study area against pollution. To achieve these objectives beside base on secondary data, also measured the depth of phreatic surface, slope and groundwater sampling. Location of measurement and sampling is determinated by considering location of infiltration measurement ever done by Purnama in 2017. To conduct groundwater vulnerability analysis on pollution in the study area, carried out by SINTACS Method which bases on a numerical system of weight and rating. Weight are determined based on the significance of the effect of the parameters on groundwater pollution, while the rating is determined based on the significance of the influence of variables in each parameters against groundwater pollution. As a result, it is known that groundwater vulnerability indeks in research area range from 117,0 to 189,9. According to criteria of SINTACS, the value are classified as moderate vulnerability and rather high vulnerability. Areas that include moderate levels of vulnerability generally located in Sentolo Formations that consist of limestone and has grumusol soil type. Areas that classified as rather high vulnerability is located in Yogyakarta Formation that consist of volcanic rock and has regosol soil type. Based on this phenomena, it can be said that geological aspect and type of soil greatly affect the vulnerability of groundwater to pollution in the research area.

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Groundwater Vulnerability to Pollution in Kasihan District, Bantul Regency, Indonesia

Abstract Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in Indonesia began to appear on March 2, 2020 and led to a number of fatalities. Spatial analysis is important to study the spatio-temporal trend of COVID-19 cases and fatalities to get a better understanding of the spread as well as to mitigate it. However, such a comprehensive study at national level is not to be seen in Indonesia with limited health infrastructure. This study aims to analyse the spatio-temporal distribution and clusters of COVID-19 in Indonesia for a year period. COVID-19 cases, as well as the fatalities as a consequence of this disease, were collected from the government through publicly shared data. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to manage and analyse the data on demographics, cases, and fatalities. The case fatality rate (CFR) was produced based on the number of cases and deaths per province weekly. The spatio-temporal data of both cases and fatalities were generated from the data. Finally, K-means clustering was employed to classify the cluster of Indonesia based on the proportion of vulnerable age groups, cases, and CFR. The results show that most of the provinces in Indonesia are affected by COVID-19, but the fatalities are not distributed evenly throughout the country. Based on the K-means clustering, two provinces are classified as moderate, namely the Province of East Kalimantan and North Kalimantan. The Province of Jakarta is classified as high, because the vulnerable age group there is highly correlated with the number of cases and deaths.

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A Year of Spatio-Temporal Clusters of COVID-19 in Indonesia

During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Jakarta, Indonesia, the government designated some hospitals as specific COVID-19 healthcare centers to meet demand and ensure accessibility. However, the policy demand evaluation was based on a purely spatial approach. Studies on accessibility to healthcare are widely available, but those that consider temporal as well as spatial dynamics are lacking. This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of healthcare accessibility against COVID-19 cases within the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the overall pattern of spatiotemporal accessibility. A two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) was used to analyze the accessibility of COVID-19 healthcare against the monthly data of the COVID-19 infected population, as the demand. Such a spatiotemporal approach to 2SFCA has never been used in previous studies. Furthermore, rather than the traditional buffer commonly used to define catchments, the 2SFCA in this study was improved with automated delineation based on the road network using ArcGIS Service Areas Analysis tools. The accessibility tends to follow the distance decay principle, which is relatively high in the city’s center and low in the outskirts. This contrasts with the city’s population distribution, which is higher on the outskirts and lower in the center. This research is a step toward optimizing the spatial distribution of hospital locations to correspond with the severity of the pandemic condition. One method to stop the transmission of disease during a pandemic that requires localizing the infected patient is to designate specific healthcare facilities to manage the sick individuals. ‘What-if’ scenarios may be used to experiment with the locations of these healthcare facilities, which are then assessed using the methodology described in this work to obtain the distribution that is most optimal.

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Spatiotemporal Accessibility of COVID-19 Healthcare Facilities in Jakarta, Indonesia

Bali is an island situated among the Indonesian archipelago with huge potential to host mangrove forests. Using remote sensing technology advances, satellite images, such as Landsat images, might be employed to analyse mangrove forest distribution and density. This paper presents an analysis of mangrove distribution in Badung Regency and Denpasar City, Bali, as a basis for the management and conservation of mangrove ecosystems. This study used Landsat 8 OLI images and a vegetation index to analyse the mangrove forest distribution and density in this area. It started by identifying mangrove forests using the RGB 564 band and continued to distinguish between mangrove and non-mangrove objects using unsupervised classification, before analysing mangrove density using the NDVI formula. The results show that the mangrove forest area in 2020 was 1,269.20 ha, with an accuracy rate of 83%. Mangroves were found on the deepest or most curved coastline of the Benoa Bay area, on enclosed waters. This distribution follows the river network in the lower reach, which has thick deposits and is uninfluenced by large currents and waves. Based on the vegetation index analysis results, the mangrove forest area observed mainly had a moderate density, with a total area of 510.85 ha (40%), followed by high density (413.15 ha/ 33%) and low density (340.51 ha/ 27%).

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Spatial Analysis of Mangrove Distribution Using Landsat 8 Oli in Badung Regency and Denpasar City, Bali Province, Indonesia

Identifikasi spaisal sumber daya alam merupakan salah satu pendekatan untuk mengetahui kapasitas sumber daya terhadap perubahan lahan laju pertumbuhan di suatu wilayah. Kota Pekalongan merupakan kota yang berada di pesisir utara Pulau Jawa yang mempunyai isu lingkungan berkurangnya ruang sumber daya lahan dikarenakan aktivitas pertumbuhan permukiman dan lahan terbangun. Selain itu mempunyai isu lingkungan menurunnya ketersediaan air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui daya dukung dan daya tampung lingkungan hidup di Kota pekalongan dari sektor penyedia yaitu ketahanan pangan dan air bersih. Daya dukung dan daya tampung dengan berbasis jasa ekosistem mempunyai karakteristik yang lebih mencerminkan kondisi lingkungan dengan pendekatan ekoregion, yaitu pendekatan geomorfologi lingkungan dan kondisi eksisting dari penggunaan lahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelas daya dukung hidup penyedia pangan di Kota Pekalongan secara umum rendah 47,11%, sedangkan kelas daya dukung dan daya tampung lingkungan hidup untuk air bersih secara umum adalah sedang 74,22%.

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Pemetaan Daya Dukung Lingkungan Berbasis Jasa Ekosistem Penyedia Pangan Dan Air Bersih Di Kota Pekalongan

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic is currently being a concern in all parts of the world, including Indonesia. Yogyakarta Special Region, especially Sleman Regency, is a red zone, which is an area that has a very high transmission rate of Covid-19. Padukuhan Mancasan Kleben, is one of the hamlets located near the government center of Sleman Regency where community activity and mobility are quite high. There are many business buildings located along the main road. The purpose of this research is to analyze the vulnerability to transmission of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) based on building function using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) methods. Types of buildings as houses and store are identified using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) image. Types of buildings used as physical variables in the analysis. Based on the result, from total of 363 buildings, there are 35 buildings that have a high level of vulnerability and 328 buildings with low vulnerability. A low level of vulnerability is found in buildings that function as shophouse. Meanwhile, the low level of vulnerability is found in buildings used as houses and public facilities. This is because during the pandemic, several public facilities in Mancasan Kleben are not yet operational. Mitigation efforts that need to be implemented are increasing awareness of ourselves and the surrounding environment. The implementation of healthy living habits by implementing CITA MAS JAJAR, avoiding crowds and not traveling if it is not too important, can help prevent the transmission of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

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Analysis of Vulnerability to Transmission of the Covid-19 based on Building Function at Padukuhan Mancasan Kleben, Pandowoharjo, Sleman, Yogyakarta

Kemampuan lingkungan menopang aktivitas kehidupan manusia secara fisik mempunyai batasan. Untuk menjaga sumberdaya alam secara menyeluruh dan berkelanjutan salah satunya dengan invetarisasi daya dukung dan daya tampung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui daya dukung dan daya tampung lingkungan dengan pendekatan jasa ekosistem dalam sektor penyediaan yaitu pangan dan air bersih di Kabupaen Semarang. Teknik analisis yang digunkan antara lain pairwise comparation dengan nilai Indek Komposit Jasa Ekosistem (IKJE). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dikethui penyedia pangan yang mempunyai nilai tinggi berada di bagian timur antara lain Kecamatan Bringin, Bergas, Pringapus dan Suruh. Sedangkan nilai rendah berada di bagian barat. Pola penyedia air bersih juga memiliki pola yang sama secara umum berada di bagian timur yang tinggi, hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan fisik. Sebagian besar lahan yang memiliki kelas tinggi dalam jasa penyediaan pangan terletak pada Ekoregion Kaki Gunungapi, Lereng Kaki Gunungapi, Dataran Fluvio-vulkan.

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Analisis Daya Dukung Lingkungan Berbasis Jasa Ekosistem Penyediaan Pangan dan Air Bersih di Kabupaten Semarang

Air tanah pesisir memiliki potensi kerentanan air tanah terhadap pencemaran tinggi, hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh penyusun batuan bersifat porus. Selain faktor porusnya sifat batuan melolosakan air tanah, batugamping juga memiliki potensi kerentanan tinggi dengan media celah atau rekah dalam menyimpan dan melolosakan air tanah dengan percepatan pergerakan air tanah yang tinggi. Semakin cepat batuan mengalirkan air di dalam tanah, maka berpotensi tinggi dalam menyebarkan sumber pencemar di dalam sistem akuifer. Kecamatan Tanjungbumi berada di pesisir dengan batuan penysun didominasi oleh pasiran dan batugamping (Formasi Madura). Secara litologi akuifer, terdiri atas 70,3 % akuifer batugamping dan 29,7 % akuiufer pasiran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan zona kerentanan air tanah terhadap pencemaran pada akuifer pesisir dengan penyusun batuan dominan batugamping. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, maka dilakukan analisis spasial multi kriteria dengan pendekatan DRASTIC. Metode DRASTIC dapat merepresentarikan kerentanan air tanah dengan pendekatan hidrogeologi. Paramater yang digunakan antara lain depth to water / kedalaman muka air tanah (D), recharge / imbuhan air (R), aquifer / jenis akufer (A), soil media / tekstur tanah (S), topography / kemiringan lereng (T), impact of vadose zone media / jenis zona tak jenuh (I), dan conductivity hydraulic / konduktivitas hidraulis akuifer (C). Parameter yang digunakan mempunyai pengaruh dalam menentukan kerentanan yang dibedakan dengan nilai dan nilai bobot. Pendekatan parameter bobot tinggi memberikan informasi faktor yang paling berpengaruh mempengaruhi kerentanan air tanah. Perhitungan hasil skor total diperoleh dari perhitungan linier seluruh parameter, kemudian klasifikasikan kelas kerentanan air tanah terhadap pencemaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kerentanan air tanah multikriteria menghasilkan lima tingkat kerentanan air tanah terhadap pencemaran. Kerentanan sangat rendah 2,18 km 2 (3,20 %), kerentanan rendah seluas 10,01 km 2 (14,69 %), kerentanan sedang seluas 45,74 km 2 (67,11 %), kerentanan tinggi seluas 7,22 km 2 (10,59 %), dan kerentanan sangat tinggi dengan luas 3 km 2 (4,40%) dari luas kecamatan Tanjungbumi. Abstract Coastal groundwater has the potential for groundwater vulnerability to high pollution, this is influenced by porous rock constituents. In addition to the porous factor of groundwater, limestone also has a high potential for vulnerability to the medium of gaps or fractures in storing and releasing groundwater with a high acceleration of groundwater movement. The faster the rock drains water in the soil, the higher the potential for spreading pollutants in the aquifer system. Tanjungbumi Subdistrict is located on the coast with the rock formation dominated by sand and limestone (Madura Formation). In terms of aquifer lithology, it consists of 70,3 % limestone aquifer and 29.7% sandwater aquifer. Purpose of this study was to determine the zone of groundwater vulnerability to pollution in coastal aquifers with limestone dominant rock constituents. To achieve this goal, a multi-criteria spatial analysis using the DRASTIC approach was carried out. The DRASTIC method can represent groundwater vulnerability with a hydrogeological approach. The parameters used include depth to water (D), recharge (R), aquifer (A), soil media (S), topography (T), impact of vadose zone media (I), and hydraulic conductivity (C). The parameters used have an influence in determining the vulnerability which is differentiated by the value and weight value. The high weight parameter approach provides information on the factors that most influence the vulnerability of groundwater. The calculation of the total score is obtained from a linear calculation of all parameters, then classify the groundwater vulnerability class to pollution. The results showed that multi-criteria groundwater vulnerability resulted in five levels of groundwater vulnerability to pollution. Very low vulnerability is 2,18 km 2 (3,20 %), low vulnerability is 10,01 km 2 (14,69 %), medium vulnerability is 45,74 km 2 (67,11 %), high vulnerability is 7,22 km 2 (10,59 %), and very high vulnerability with an area of 3 km 2 (4,40 %) of the area of Tanjungbumi district.

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Erik Febriarta

Papers

Pemetaan Daya Dukung Lingkungan Berbasis Jasa Ekosistem Penyedia Pangan Dan Air Bersih Di Kota Pekalongan

Analysis of Vulnerability to Transmission of the Covid-19 based on Building Function at Padukuhan Mancasan Kleben, Pandowoharjo, Sleman, Yogyakarta

Spatial Analysis of Mangrove Distribution Using Landsat 8 Oli in Badung Regency and Denpasar City, Bali Province, Indonesia

Analisis Daya Dukung Lingkungan Berbasis Jasa Ekosistem Penyediaan Pangan dan Air Bersih di Kabupaten Semarang

Kajian Spasial Multi Kriteria DRASTIC Kerentanan Air tanah Pesisir Akuifer Batugamping di Tanjungbumi Madura