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Ernst Detlef Schulze

Other affiliations: University of Idaho, University of Utah, University of Würzburg  ...read more
Bio: Ernst Detlef Schulze is an academic researcher from Max Planck Society. The author has contributed to research in topics: Biodiversity & Ecosystem. The author has an hindex of 133, co-authored 670 publications receiving 69504 citations. Previous affiliations of Ernst Detlef Schulze include University of Idaho & University of Utah.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
15 Oct 2007-Geoderma
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of variations of both variables on SOC stocks at two grassland sites, one with Stagnic Vertisols and one with Orthoeutric Arenosols, was determined by the thickness of the loess layer at the clay rich site.

228 citations

Book
01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: A test of the biodiversity-stability theory: meta-analysis of tree species diversity effects on insect pest infestations, and re-examination of responsible factors.
Abstract: Table of Contents Section A: Introduction 1 The functional significance of forest diversity: the starting point Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Korner, Ch., Schulze, E.-D. 2 An introduction to the functional diversity of temperate forest trees Korner, Ch. Section B: Productivity and growth 3 Diversity and productivity in forests: evidence from long-term experimental plots Pretzsch, H. 4 Confounding factors of the observational productivity-diversity relationship in forests Vila, M., Inchausti, P., Vayreda, J., Barrantes, O., Gracia, C., Ibanez, J. J., Mata, T. 5 Genetic diversity parameters associated with viability selection, reproductive efficiency and growth in forest tree species G. Muller-Starck, G., Ziehe, M., Schubert, R. Section C: Biogeochemical cycles 6 Functioning of mixed-species stands: evidence from a long-term forest experiment Jones, H. E., McNamara, N. Mason, W.L. 7 The role of biodiversity on the evaporation of forests Baldocchi D. D. 8 Effects of tree species diversity on litter quality and decomposition Hattenschwiler, S. 9 The effect of biodiversity on carbon storage in soils G. Gleixner, C. Kramer, V. Hahn and D. Sachse 10 Silviculture and its interaction with biodiversity and the carbon balance of forest soils Mund, M., E.-D. Schulze Section D: Animals, Pests and Disturbances 11 Linkages between tree diversity, soil fauna and ecosystem processes Scheu, S. 12 A test of the biodiversity-stability theory: meta-analysis of tree species diversity effects on insect pest infestations, and re-examination of responsible factors Jactel, H., Brockerhoff, E., Duelli, P. 13 Susceptibility to fungal pathogens of forests differing in tree diversity Pautasso, M., Holdenrieder, O., Stenlid, J. 14 Implication of forest diversity for theresistance to strong winds 15 Fire regime and tree diversity in boreal forests: implications for the carbon cycle Wirth, C. Section E: Perspectives 16 The design of experimental tree plantations for functional biodiversity research Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Potvin, C., Koricheva, J., Schmid, B., Hector, A., Bornik, Z., Reynolds, G. Schulze, E.-D. 17 The functional significance of forest diversity: a synthesis Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Korner, Ch., Schulze, E.-D. Subject Index

221 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The first large-scale, multisite and long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiment with tree species of temperate forests and the use of different measures of functional diversity for a posteriori classifications of functional richness are explored.
Abstract: Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning have been mainly studied in experiments that artificially create gradients in grassland plant diversity. Woody species were largely excluded from these early experiments, despite the ecological and socioeconomic importance of forest ecosystems. We discuss conceptual aspects of mechanistically driven research on the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship in forests, including the comparison of scientific approaches like ‘observational studies’, ‘removal experiments’, and ‘synthetic-assemblage experiments’. We give a short overview on the differences between herbaceous and forest ecosystems, focusing on canopy characteristics, and the possibilities for individual versus population-based investigations. We present detailed information about the first large-scale, multisite and long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiment with tree species of temperate forests (BIOTREE – BIOdiversity and ecosystem processes in experimental TREE stands). At three sites of differing geology and local climate, we planted 200,000 saplings on a total area of 70 ha. At two sites, diversity gradients were established by varying the number of tree species (BIOTREE-SPECIES). At a third site, only functional diversity at a constant level of tree species richness was manipulated by selecting mixtures that differ in the functional trait values of the corresponding species (BIOTREE-FD). Additional experimental treatments at the subplot level include silvicultural management options, the addition of subdominant species, and the reduction of genetic diversity. Response variables focus on productivity, biogeochemical cycles and carbon sequestration, and resource use complementarity. We explore the use of different measures of functional diversity for a posteriori classifications of functional richness and their use in the analysis of our tree diversity experiment. The experiment is thought to provide a long-term research platform for a variety of scientific questions related to forest biodiversity and ecosystem processes.

209 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols used xiii 1.
Abstract: Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

14,171 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Understanding this complexity, while taking strong steps to minimize current losses of species, is necessary for responsible management of Earth's ecosystems and the diverse biota they contain.
Abstract: Humans are altering the composition of biological communities through a variety of activities that increase rates of species invasions and species extinctions, at all scales, from local to global. These changes in components of the Earth's biodiversity cause concern for ethical and aesthetic reasons, but they also have a strong potential to alter ecosystem properties and the goods and services they provide to humanity. Ecological experiments, observations, and theoretical developments show that ecosystem properties depend greatly on biodiversity in terms of the functional characteristics of organisms present in the ecosystem and the distribution and abundance of those organisms over space and time. Species effects act in concert with the effects of climate, resource availability, and disturbance regimes in influencing ecosystem properties. Human activities can modify all of the above factors; here we focus on modification of these biotic controls. The scientific community has come to a broad consensus on many aspects of the re- lationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, including many points relevant to management of ecosystems. Further progress will require integration of knowledge about biotic and abiotic controls on ecosystem properties, how ecological communities are struc- tured, and the forces driving species extinctions and invasions. To strengthen links to policy and management, we also need to integrate our ecological knowledge with understanding of the social and economic constraints of potential management practices. Understanding this complexity, while taking strong steps to minimize current losses of species, is necessary for responsible management of Earth's ecosystems and the diverse biota they contain.

6,891 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
08 Aug 2002-Nature
TL;DR: A doubling in global food demand projected for the next 50 years poses huge challenges for the sustainability both of food production and of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and the services they provide to society.
Abstract: A doubling in global food demand projected for the next 50 years poses huge challenges for the sustainability both of food production and of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and the services they provide to society. Agriculturalists are the principal managers of global useable lands and will shape, perhaps irreversibly, the surface of the Earth in the coming decades. New incentives and policies for ensuring the sustainability of agriculture and ecosystem services will be crucial if we are to meet the demands of improving yields without compromising environmental integrity or public health.

6,569 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
22 Apr 2004-Nature
TL;DR: Reliable quantification of the leaf economics spectrum and its interaction with climate will prove valuable for modelling nutrient fluxes and vegetation boundaries under changing land-use and climate.
Abstract: Bringing together leaf trait data spanning 2,548 species and 175 sites we describe, for the first time at global scale, a universal spectrum of leaf economics consisting of key chemical, structural and physiological properties. The spectrum runs from quick to slow return on investments of nutrients and dry mass in leaves, and operates largely independently of growth form, plant functional type or biome. Categories along the spectrum would, in general, describe leaf economic variation at the global scale better than plant functional types, because functional types overlap substantially in their leaf traits. Overall, modulation of leaf traits and trait relationships by climate is surprisingly modest, although some striking and significant patterns can be seen. Reliable quantification of the leaf economics spectrum and its interaction with climate will prove valuable for modelling nutrient fluxes and vegetation boundaries under changing land-use and climate.

6,360 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: In this article, the physical and enzymatic bases of carbone isotope discrimination during photosynthesis were discussed, noting how knowledge of discrimination can be used to provide additional insight into photosynthetic metabolism and the environmental influences on that process.
Abstract: We discuss the physical and enzymatic bases of carbone isotope discrimination during photosynthesis, noting how knowledge of discrimination can be used to provide additional insight into photosynthetic metabolism and the environmental influences on that process

6,246 citations