Esteban Andrés Abbona

Bio: Esteban Andrés Abbona is an academic researcher from National University of La Plata. The author has contributed to research in topics: Physics & Floodplain. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 11 publications receiving 76 citations. Previous affiliations of Esteban Andrés Abbona include National Scientific and Technical Research Council.

Indice soja/maíz como indicador del aporte de materia orgánica al suelo en la agricultura argentina

Abstract: Actualmente, la agricultura argentina se basa en un modelo tecnológico simplificado y de alta productividad, marcado por la tendencia al monocultivo de soja. Estos sistemas con escaso aporte de carbono (C) al suelo lo predisponen a su degradación por afectar sus propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas. En contraste, los cultivos en la secuencia de una rotación se diferencian por la cantidad y calidad de los residuos que dejan en el suelo. En la rotación con mayor frecuencia de gramíneas, el balance de C es positivo, mientras que en una rotación con mayor frecuencia de soja los balances son negativos. El objetivo de éste análisis es comparar la relación entre las superficies dedicadas al cultivo de soja y maíz, como indicadora del riesgo de la disminución del aporte de C de los cultivos y de los niveles de materia orgánica de los suelos agrícolas de la República Argentina. El Índice Soja/Maíz se calculó a partir de los datos sobre estimaciones agrícolas oficiales. Se utilizaron las superficies cosechadas de los cultivos de soja y maíz en cada departamento/partido del país y para todas las campañas, desde 1969/70 hasta 2020/21. El Índice propuesto fue calculado para tres niveles administrativos: nacional, provincial y departamental/partido. A nivel nacional, el mismo se fue incrementando hasta valores cercanos a 6, muy por encima del ideal de 1. Si bien en la última década este índice viene descendiendo, aún presenta altos valores en algunos sitios del país. El análisis a nivel provincial y departamento/partido se realizó en las tres principales provincias productoras argentinas.

Modelling the effect of vegetation cover and different tillage practices on soil erosion in vineyards: a case study in vráble (slovakia) using watem/sedem

Abstract: Vineyards represent one of the most erosion-prone types of cultivated land. Because of this, cultivation practices are very important in reducing the soil erosion risk in vineyard regions. The aim of this paper was to assess the impact of various management practices on soil loss in vineyards. Effects of tillage, hoeing, rotavating and grass cover were evaluated in small vineyards located in southwestern Slovakia in the Vrable viticultural district. Erosion and deposition rates were estimated using the levelling method. This method is based on an evaluation of variability of the soil surface against vineyard poles measured between the year of pole insertion and the year of measurement. On the basis of the measured data, a WATEM/SEDEM distributed soil erosion model was calibrated, and the total soil loss from the vineyards under different management conditions was estimated. The model shows rather good performance in modelling soil erosion, but at the same time, it shows lower reliability in modelling soil deposition. Downslope tilled vineyards were the most eroded; the erosion in rotavated vineyards is somewhat reduced. The most protective tillage system is hoeing. Considerably lower soil loss was estimated with the use of vegetation cover between vine rows, which is in accordance with agro-environmental schemes supporting use of grass cover as an erosion prevention measure in vineyards. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An overview of the recent approaches to terroir functional modelling, footprinting and zoning

Abstract: Notions of terroir and their conceptualization through agro-environmental sciences have become popular in many parts of world. Originally developed for wine, terroir now encompasses many other crops in- cluding fruits, vegetables, cheese, olive oil, coffee, cacao and other crops, linking the uniqueness and quality of both beverages and foods to the environment where they are produced, giving the consumer a sense of place. Climate, geology, geomorphology and soil are the main environmental factors which make up the terroir ef- fect on different scales. Often considered immutable culturally, the natural components of terroir are actually a set of processes, which together create a delicate equilibrium and regulation of its effect on products in both space and time. Due to both a greater need to better understand regional-to-site variations in crop production and the growth in spatial analytic technologies, the study of terroir has shifted from a largely descriptive regional science to a more applied, technical research field. Furthermore, the explosion of spatial data availability and sensing technologies has made the within-field scale of study more valuable to the individual grower. The result has been greater adoption of these technologies but also issues associated with both the spatial and temporal scales required for practical applications, as well as the relevant approaches for data synthesis. Moreover, as soil microbial communities are known to be of vital importance for terrestrial processes by driving the major soil geochemical cycles and supporting healthy plant growth, an intensive investigation of the microbial organiza- tion and their function is also required. Our objective is to present an overview of existing data and modelling approaches for terroir functional modelling, footprinting and zoning on local and regional scales. This review will focus on two main areas of recent terroir research: (1) using new tools to unravel the biogeochemical cy- cles of both macro- and micronutrients, the biological and chemical signatures of terroirs (i.e. the metagenomic approach and regional fingerprinting); (2) terroir zoning on different scales: mapping terroirs and using remote- and proxy-sensing technologies to monitor soil quality and manage the crop system for better food quality. Both implementations of terroir chemical and biological footprinting and geospatial technologies are promising for the management of terroir units, particularly the remote and proxy data in conjunction with spatial statistics. Indeed, the managed zones will be updatable and the effects of viticultural and/or soil management practices might be easier to control. The prospect of facilitated terroir spatial monitoring makes it possible to address another great challenge in the years to come: the issue of terroir sustainability and the construction of efficient soil/viticultural management strategies that can be assessed and applied across numerous scales.