https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/97269/1_ftp.pdf?sequence=1

Physicochemical and Physiological Mechanisms for the Effects of Food on Drug Absorption: The Role of Lipids and pH

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jps.2600630403

Mass transport Phenomena and Models: Theoretical Concepts

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jps.2600560302

Diffusional Models Useful in Biopharmaceutics: Drug Release Rate Processes

Particle Size of Drugs and Its Relationship to Absorption and Activity

• Urea in amounts as high as 1 gm. per kilogram of body weight can be injected intravenously in the form of sterile, fresh 30% solution in 5% dextrose. Urea was used without causing toxic reactions in 21 patients. The desired reduction in cerebrospinal fluid pressure was accomplished in every case. There was no secondary rise such as is seen after injections of hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride and dextrose, and the blood pressure was unaffected. Heat must not be used to sterilize the urea solution. If the technique is carefully followed, it should be valuable in brain surgery for the reduction of intracranial pressure.

https://jamanetwork.com/HttpHandlers/ArticlePdfHandler.ashx?journal=jama&articleId=304464&pdfFileName=jama_160_11_006.pdf

Effect of urea on cerebrospinal fluid pressure in human subjects; preliminary report.

A theory is presented which describes the rate of dissolution of solids in basic and buffered media. The formulation is based on the Nernst-Brunner film model assuming a solution diffusion controlled process. Useful expressions are obtained which give relative dissolution rates as functions of the primary variables. Results of calculations predict that for a solid weak acid dissolving in an aqueous basic solution, the rates of dissolution become essentially independent of the strength of the base above certain values. In the region where it is independent of the base strength the rate is a linear function of the product of the base concentration and the base diffusion coefficient. The theoretical conclusions are satisfactorily substantiated by experiments on the rates of dissolution of benzoic acid in basic media of varying strength and diffusivities. The following bases were used as additives: sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium tetraborate, disodium phosphate, sodium acetate, and ethanolamine. Studies were also carried out with added swamping electrolyte. It was found that the rates of dissolution in varying concentrations of sodium chloride in neutral solutions can be largely explained by the salting out effects of the electrolyte.

Investigation of Drug Release from Solids II.*: Theoretical and Experimental Study of Influences of Bases and Buffers on Rates of Dissolution of Acidic Solids

A method for determining the dissolution rate and the underlying physical‐chemical theories are presented. The velocity constant for the conditons employed in the procedure and the dissolution rate of compressed benzoic acid tablets were determined. In the density range investigated the dissolution rate was essentially independent of the tablet density. When neutral ionic and nonionic organic compounds were employed as additives the dissolution rate was linearly dependent upon the solubility of benzoic acid in the particular solvent system.

Investigation of drug release from solids*. I. Some factors influencing the dissolution rate

The authors describe an aseptic technique which has been designed to provide the pharmacist with an inexpensive and convenient method of preparing small volumes of sterile solutions in the pharmacy.

Eugene L. Parrott

Papers

Investigation of Drug Release from Solids II.*: Theoretical and Experimental Study of Influences of Bases and Buffers on Rates of Dissolution of Acidic Solids

Investigation of drug release from solids*. I. Some factors influencing the dissolution rate

The Preparation of Sterile Ophthalmic Solutions

Stability of pharmaceuticals

The Pharmacist Therapeutic or Pharmaceutical Consultant