Evelise Oliveira Telles

Bio: Evelise Oliveira Telles is an academic researcher from University of São Paulo. The author has contributed to research in topics: Herd & Raw milk. The author has an hindex of 16, co-authored 75 publications receiving 633 citations. Previous affiliations of Evelise Oliveira Telles include Ministry of Agriculture.

Epidemiological status of bovine tuberculosis in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2013

Abstract: A cross sectional study was performed to assess the epidemiological status of bovine tuberculosis in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 2013. The state was divided into seven regions, and a preset number of herds was randomly sampled in each region. From each farm, female cattle aged 24 months or older were randomly sampled and subjected to the comparative cervical tuberculin test (CCTT). Animals with inconclusive test results were re-tested with the same diagnostic procedure after a minimum interval of 60 days. A total of 31?832 animals were tested from 2?182 farms. An epidemiological questionnaire was administered in the farms to identify risk factors associated with bovine tuberculosis. Prevalence in the state was estimated at 4.25% (95% CI: 3.36% – 5.15%) for herds and at 0.56% (95% CI: 0.46% – 0.66%) for animals. Data on herd prevalence for bovine tuberculosis for each stratum showed the highest prevalences at region Sul e Sudoeste (stratum 5) and region Central (stratum 3) which were significantly different from the lowest prevalences found at regions Noroeste, Norte e Nordeste (stratum 1) and region Leste (stratum 2). The highest animal prevalences observed for the region Sul e Sudoeste (stratum 5), region Zona da Mata (stratum 4) and region Central (stratum 3) were significantly different from the lowest ones at region Triângulo Mineiro (stratum 7), region Noroeste, Norte, e Nordeste (stratum 1) and region Leste (stratum 2). The presence of bovine tuberculosis was associated with animal purchase from cattle traders (OR?=?2.59 [95% CI: 1.28 – 5.20]), higher yield intensive dairy (OR?=?7.55 [95% CI: 1.89% – 30.09%]) and non-intensive dairy production (OR?=?3.58 [95% CI: 1.06% – 12.04%]), as well as with herds with 30 or more cows (OR?=?1.97 [95% CI: 1.02 – 3.80]). Non-specific reactors to the CCTT were found in 95.07% (95% CI: 94.05% - 96.09%) of the herds. Therefore, the state of Minas Gerais should implement surveillance systems for the detection and sanitation of infected herds, preferably incorporating risk-based surveillance elements, considering the results of the present study.

Herd-level risk factors for bovine brucellosis in Brazil

Abstract: Bovine brucellosis is an important zoonosis caused by Brucella abortus that negatively impacts livestock productivity. In 2001, Brazil launched a new national program aimed at eradicating animal brucellosis that included large-scale studies of the prevalence and risk factors to support strategic decision-making. These studies were implemented by the animal health authorities and were underpinned by the scientific coordination of the University of São Paulo and the University of Brasília. The state-level results were published and revealed important differences in herd prevalence among regions. The risk factors varied across states and did not clearly explain the observed spatial disease spread. This study used a consolidated herd-level database of 14 states and 17,100 herds, from the prevalence surveys' data, to gain insights into herd profiles and cattle production practices that might be associated with the risk of brucellosis. At the time of data collection, the study area comprised just over 56 million bovine females aged over 24 months and approximately 1.8 million herds. After an exploratory univariable analysis, all factors with p≤0.20 were included in a multiple logistic regression model, using the design-based method in order to take herd sampling weights into account. The number of females in the herd markedly increased the risk of infection; compared with smaller herds (less than 30 females), the odds ratio was 3.42 [CI 95% 2.98-3.91] for herds with 31 to 100 females, 5.68 [4.92-6.55] for herds with 101 to 400 females, and 13.14 [10.94-15.78] for herds with more than 400 females. The risk was higher for extensive cattle production farms (OR=1.23 [1.07-1.42]) and for farms that purchased replacement stock from cattle traders (OR=1.27 [1.08-1.47]) or directly from other farms (OR=1.19 [1.07-1.32]). The exclusive use of artificial insemination (OR=0.57 [0.4-0.81]) and regular veterinary support (OR=0.68 [0.6-0.77]) appeared to be protective factors. These findings are consistent with the regional prevalence trends observed in the study and provide key guidance for the planning of the national effort to control and eradicate brucellosis. High vaccination coverage of heifers is recommended, especially when targeted to areas where large-scale extensive cattle production predominates. The smaller, more intensive herds, are good candidates for disease accreditation schemes.

Epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis in the State of Paraiba, Brazil

Abstract: This study was performed to characterize the epidemiological status of brucellosis in the State of Paraiba, Brazil. The State was divided into three regions. Herds were randomly sampled in each region and a pre-established number of animals were sampled in each of these herds. A total of 3,489 serum samples from 674 herds were collected. In each herd, an epidemiological questionnaire was conducted. This questionnaire focused on herd traits, as well as husbandry and sanitary practices that could be associated with the risk of infection. The serum samples were screened for antibodies against Brucella spp. by the Rose-Bengal Test (RBT), and all positive sera were confirmed by the 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-ME). The herd was considered positive if at least one animal had positive results for both the RBT and the 2-ME test. The prevalence rates of infected herds and animals in the State were 4.6% [3.2-6.5%] and 2.5% [1.1-3.9%], respectively. The prevalence rates of infected herds and animals in the regions were, respectively: region 1, 3.2% [1.5-6.6%] and 1.7% [0.5-5.7%]; region 2, 2.2% [0.9-5.2%] and 0.7% [0.3-1.7%]; and region 3, 7.9% [5.0-12.2%] and 3.2% [1.6-6.3%]. The risk factor (odds ratio, OR) associated with the presence of the infection was Zebuine as the predominant breed (OR=12.30 [1.32-114.64]).

Listeria monocytogenes, a food-borne pathogen

Abstract: Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram positive, aerobic, facultative anaerobic and nonacid fast bacterium, which can cause the disease listeriosis in both human and animals. It is widely distributed thoroughout the environment and has been isolated from various plant and animal food products associated with listeriosis outbreaks. Contaminated ready-to-eat food products such as gravad and cold-smoked salmon and rainbow trout have been associated with human listeriosis in Sweden. The aim of this study was to analyse the occurrence and level of L. monocytogenes in gravad and cold-smoked salmon (Salmo salar) products packed under vacuum or modified atmosphere from retail outlets in Sweden. Isolated strains were characterized by serotyping and the diversity of the strains within and between producers were determined with PFGE (Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis). The characterized fish isolates were compared with previously characterized human strains. L. monocytogenes was isolated from 11 (three manufacturers) of 56 products analysed. This included gravad salmon products from three manufacturers and cold-smoked salmon from one manufacturer. The highest level of L. monocytogenes found was 1500 cfu/g from a cold-smoked salmon product but the level was low (<100 cfu/g) in most of the products. Serovar 1/2a was predominant, followed by 4b. Three products of gravad salmon harboured more than one serovar. PFGE typing of the 56 salmon isolates detected five Asc I types: four types were identical to human clinical strains with Asc I and one was identical and one was closely related to human clinical strains with Apa I. Isolation of identical or closely related L. monocytogenes strains from human clinical cases of listeriosis and gravad and cold-smoked salmon suggested that these kinds of products are possible sources of listeriosis in Sweden. Therefore, these products should be considered risk products for human listeriosis.

Brucellosis in low-income and middle-income countries.

Abstract: Purpose of review: Human brucellosis is a neglected, underrecognized infection of widespread geographic distribution. It causes acute febrile illness and a potentially debilitating chronic infection in humans, and livestock infection has substantial socioeconomic impact. This review describes new information regarding the epidemiology of brucellosis in the developing world and advances in diagnosis and treatment. Recent findings: The highest recorded incidence of human brucellosis occurs in the Middle East and Central Asia. Fever etiology studies demonstrate brucellosis as a cause of undifferentiated febrile illness in the developing world. Brucellosis is a rare cause of fever among returning travelers, but is more common among travelers returning from the Middle East and North Africa. Sensitive and specific rapid diagnostic tests appropriate for resource-limited settings have been validated. Randomized controlled trials demonstrate that optimal treatment for human brucellosis consists of doxycycline and an aminoglycoside. Decreasing the burden of human brucellosis requires control of animal brucellosis, but evidence to inform the design of control programs in the developing world is needed. Summary: Brucellosis causes substantial morbidity in human and animal populations. While improvements in diagnostic options for resource-limited settings and stronger evidence for optimal therapy should enhance identification and treatment of human brucellosis, prevention of human disease through control in animals remains paramount.

Common milk adulteration and their detection techniques

Abstract: Food adulteration is a global concern and developing countries are at higher risk associated with it due to lack of monitoring and policies. However, this is one of the most common phenomena that has been overlooked in many countries. Unfortunately, in contrast to common belief, milk adulterants can pose serious health hazards leading to fatal diseases. This paper presents a detailed review of common milk adulterants as well as different methods to detect the adulterants both qualitatively and quantitatively. This study is organized to be an 'adulterant based' study instead of 'techniques based' one, where qualitative detection for most of the common adulterants are enlisted and quantitative detection methods are limited to few major adulterants of milk. Apart from regular techniques, recent development in these detection techniques have also been reported. Nowadays milk is being adulterated in more sophisticated ways that demands for cutting edge research for the detection of the adulterants. This review intends to contribute towards the common knowledge base regarding possible milk adulterants and their detection techniques.