Everett L. Worthington

Bio: Everett L. Worthington is an academic researcher from Virginia Commonwealth University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Forgiveness & Humility. The author has an hindex of 64, co-authored 340 publications receiving 19789 citations. Previous affiliations of Everett L. Worthington include National Institutes of Health & University of Missouri.

Self-Directed Intervention to Promote Self-Forgiveness

Abstract: Intervention research promoting self-forgiveness for one’s wrongdoing or perception of “wrong-being” has only recently been initiated. Self-directed interventions are an important strategy, because offenses may cause feelings of self-condemnation that elicit avoidance-oriented coping and discourage individuals from seeking traditional modalities of psychotherapy (e.g., individual, group, couple, or family settings). Also, self-directed interventions can circumvent logistic barriers to traditional methods of delivering psychotherapy (e.g., geographic isolation, financial insecurity, and help-seeking stigma). In the current chapter, we offer a critical overview of self-directed interventions for decreasing self-condemnation and increasing self-forgiveness, acknowledging advantages and disadvantages of using self-directed treatments compared to more intensive treatment modalities. We conclude by identifying directions for future research and practical implications situating self-directed interventions alongside more traditional modalities of delivering psychological services within a triaged care model.

The Effect of Brief Lamaze Training and Social Encouragement on Pain Endurance in a Cold Pressor Tank1

Abstract: The Lamaze method of childbirth involves educating women in pain control techniques and training men to “coach” the women through labor by giving social encouragement to endure pain. In a cold pressor experiment, women volunteers (N= 52) received either Lamaze training (or none) or direct social encouragement to tolerate ice water (or none). Women were tested for tolerance before and after training. They also completed the California Q-Set personality description and an assertiveness questionnaire. The Lamaze training induced longer endurance among participants, whereas direct social encouragement induced very long endurance for some but little for others. The combined treatment powerfully induced endurance in many even though considerable variance was evident. Analyses of Q-Set responses and the assertiveness measure revealed little to help predict who endured the pain. Results suggested that, in this situation, environmental variables were more important in predicting endurance than personality variables.

Forgiveness moderates relations between psychological abuse and indicators of psychological distress among women in romantic relationships

Abstract: Volume 115| Number 11/12 November/December 2019 Research Article https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2019/6353 © 2019. The Author(s). Published under a Creative Commons Attribution Licence. Forgiveness moderates relations between psychological abuse and indicators of psychological distress among women in romantic relationships AUTHORS: Richard G. Cowden1,2 Everett L. Worthington, Jr.3 Brandon J. Griffin4 Rachel C. Garthe5

Intellectual humility as a target for psychological, educational, and political intervention

Abstract: ABSTRACT We respond to Ballantyne’s feature article on intellectual humility from the viewpoint of being interventionists in psychology (Worthington) and political science (Garrett). Philosophers differ from interventionists in discipline, method, and goals. While, philosophers usually seek to describe what is true as uncovered by the methods of analytic (or existential) philosophy, interventionists seek to help diverse people solve problems, cope with unsolvable problems, or build virtue or character. Consequently, philosophers and interventionists often conceive of IH differently. In this article, we argue that interventionists benefit from mixed definitions of IH and would be constricted by a definition like the one favored by Ballantyne, which localizes the experience of IH within the individual as a pursuit of truth. We offer three examples that illustrate how a mixed definition of IH that recognizes the social nature of IH better equips interventionists to help the wide range of clients they serve.

Using Multivariate Statistics

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In a Different Voice. Psychological Theory and Women’s Development. Cambridge, MA (Harvard University Press) 1982.

Abstract: Introduction 1. Woman's Place in Man's Life Cycle 2. Images of Relationship 3. Concepts of Self and Morality 4. Crisis and Transition 5. Women's Rights and Women's Judgment 6. Visions of Maturity References Index of Study Participants General Index

Medscape

Abstract: Secret History: Return of the Black Death Channel 4, 7-8pm In 1348 the Black Death swept through London, killing people within days of the appearance of their first symptoms. Exactly how many died, and why, has long been a mystery. This Secret History documentary follows experts as they pick through the evidence and reveal why the plague killed on such a scale. And they ask, what might be coming next?

Acute stressors and cortisol responses: a theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research.

Abstract: This meta-analysis reviews 208 laboratory studies of acute psychological stressors and tests a theoretical model delineating conditions capable of eliciting cortisol responses. Psychological stressors increased cortisol levels; however, effects varied widely across tasks. Consistent with the theoretical model, motivated performance tasks elicited cortisol responses if they were uncontrollable or characterized by social-evaluative threat (task performance could be negatively judged by others), when methodological factors and other stressor characteristics were controlled for. Tasks containing both uncontrollable and social-evaluative elements were associated with the largest cortisol and adrenocorticotropin hormone changes and the longest times to recovery. These findings are consistent with the animal literature on the physiological effects of uncontrollable social threat and contradict the belief that cortisol is responsive to all types of stressors.