Author
Evgeny A. Mareev
Bio: Evgeny A. Mareev is an academic researcher from Russian Academy of Sciences. The author has contributed to research in topics: Electric field & Lightning. The author has an hindex of 20, co-authored 75 publications receiving 1069 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The Earth's global atmospheric electric circuit depends on the upper and lower atmospheric boundaries formed by the ionosphere and the planetary surface as mentioned in this paper, with the current carried by molecular cluster ions; lightning phenomena drive the AC global circuit.
Abstract: The Earth’s global atmospheric electric circuit depends on the upper and lower atmospheric boundaries formed by the ionosphere and the planetary surface. Thunderstorms and electrified rain clouds drive a DC current (∼1 kA) around the circuit, with the current carried by molecular cluster ions; lightning phenomena drive the AC global circuit. The Earth’s near-surface conductivity ranges from 10−7 S m−1 (for poorly conducting rocks) to 10−2 S m−1 (for clay or wet limestone), with a mean value of 3.2 S m−1 for the ocean. Air conductivity inside a thundercloud, and in fair weather regions, depends on location (especially geomagnetic latitude), aerosol pollution and height, and varies from ∼10−14 S m−1 just above the surface to 10−7 S m−1 in the ionosphere at ∼80 km altitude. Ionospheric conductivity is a tensor quantity due to the geomagnetic field, and is determined by parameters such as electron density and electron–neutral particle collision frequency. In the current source regions, point discharge (coronal) currents play an important role below electrified clouds; the solar wind-magnetosphere dynamo and the unipolar dynamo due to the terrestrial rotating dipole moment also apply atmospheric potential differences.
199 citations
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University of Reading1, University of Bath2, Hungarian Academy of Sciences3, Yerevan Physics Institute4, Democritus University of Thrace5, Tripura University6, Polish Academy of Sciences7, Russian Academy of Sciences8, University of Bristol9, Mackenzie Investments10, University of Évora11, Ariel University12
TL;DR: The GloCAEM database as mentioned in this paper is a collection of atmospheric electricity measurements from 17 sites across the world, with data from all sites available in identically-formatted files, at both one second and one minute temporal resolution.
65 citations
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Finnish Meteorological Institute1, University of Helsinki2, Danish Meteorological Institute3, World Meteorological Organization4, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis5, Max Planck Society6, University of Leeds7, Russian Academy of Sciences8, Remote Sensing Center9, Moscow State University10, Nanjing University11, National Centre of Scientific Research "Demokritos"12, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research13, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology14, Wageningen University and Research Centre15, University of Tartu16, Russian State Hydrometeorological University17, Saint Petersburg State University18, Estonian University of Life Sciences19, University of Eastern Finland20, Chinese Academy of Sciences21, Stockholm University22
TL;DR: The Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) as mentioned in this paper is a multi-scale, multi-disciplinary and international program started in 2012 to investigate the effects of global trade activities, demographic movement, and use of natural resources in the Arctic regions.
Abstract: . The northern Eurasian regions and Arctic Ocean will very likely undergo substantial changes during the next decades. The Arctic–boreal natural environments play a crucial role in the global climate via albedo change, carbon sources and sinks as well as atmospheric aerosol production from biogenic volatile organic compounds. Furthermore, it is expected that global trade activities, demographic movement, and use of natural resources will be increasing in the Arctic regions. There is a need for a novel research approach, which not only identifies and tackles the relevant multi-disciplinary research questions, but also is able to make a holistic system analysis of the expected feedbacks. In this paper, we introduce the research agenda of the Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX), a multi-scale, multi-disciplinary and international program started in 2012 ( https://www.atm.helsinki.fi/peex/ ). PEEX sets a research approach by which large-scale research topics are investigated from a system perspective and which aims to fill the key gaps in our understanding of the feedbacks and interactions between the land–atmosphere–aquatic–society continuum in the northern Eurasian region. We introduce here the state of the art for the key topics in the PEEX research agenda and present the future prospects of the research, which we see relevant in this context.
58 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the role of the M component mode of charge transfer to ground in lightning discharges in initiating sprites and sprite halos is examined, and it appears that occurrence of an M component shifts electric field maximum from the axis of the vertical lightning channel and therefore increases the likelihood of initiation of sprites displaced from the channel axis.
Abstract: [1] The role of the M component mode of charge transfer to ground in lightning discharges in initiating sprites and sprite halos is examined. M components (surges superimposed on lightning continuing currents) serve to enhance the electric field at high altitudes and, as a result, may increase the probability of sprite (halo) initiation. It appears that occurrence of an M component shifts electric field maximum from the axis of the vertical lightning channel and therefore increases the likelihood of initiation of sprites displaced from the channel axis. Since M components follow return strokes after a time interval of a few milliseconds or more, they may be primary producers of so-called delayed sprites.
53 citations
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51 citations
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TL;DR: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one, which seems an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.
Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.
Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …
33,785 citations
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University of Oxford1, University of Reading2, Stony Brook University3, Imperial College London4, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory5, Free University of Berlin6, Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research7, University of Massachusetts Amherst8, University of Arizona9, University of Giessen10, National Center for Atmospheric Research11, Goddard Institute for Space Studies12, University of Amsterdam13, University of California, San Diego14
TL;DR: In this paper, the development of this review article has evolved from work carried out by an international team of the International Space Science Institute (ISSI), Bern, Switzerland, and from work performed under the auspices of Scientific Committee on Solar Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP) regarding climate and weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES).
Abstract: The development of this
review article has evolved from work carried out by an international
team of the International Space Science Institute (ISSI),
Bern, Switzerland, and from work carried out under the auspices
of Scientific Committee on Solar Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP)
Climate and Weather of the Sun‐Earth System (CAWSES‐1).
The support of ISSI in providing workshop and meeting facilities
is acknowledged, especially support from Y. Calisesi and V. Manno.
SCOSTEP is acknowledged for kindly providing financial assistance
to allow the paper to be published under an open access
policy. L.J.G. was supported by the UK Natural Environment
Research Council (NERC) through their National Centre for Atmospheric
Research (NCAS) Climate program. K.M. was supported
by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the
6th European Community Framework Programme. J.L. acknowledges
support by the EU/FP7 program Assessing Climate Impacts
on the Quantity and Quality of Water (ACQWA, 212250) and from
the DFG Project Precipitation in the Past Millennium in Europe
(PRIME) within the Priority Program INTERDYNAMIK. L.H.
acknowledges support from the U.S. NASA Living With a Star
program. G.M. acknowledges support from the Office of Science
(BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Cooperative Agreement
DE‐FC02‐97ER62402, and the National Science Foundation. We
also wish to thank Karin Labitzke and Markus Kunze for supplying
an updated Figure 13, Andrew Heaps for technical support, and
Paul Dickinson for editorial support. Part of the research was
carried out under the SPP CAWSES funded by GFG. J.B. was
financially supported by NCCR Climate–Swiss Climate Research.
1,045 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a two-dimensional footprint model for flux footprint prediction is proposed. But it is not suitable for application to long time series, due to their high computational demands.
Abstract: . Flux footprint models are often used for interpretation of flux tower measurements, to estimate position and size of surface source areas, and the relative contribution of passive scalar sources to measured fluxes. Accurate knowledge of footprints is of crucial importance for any upscaling exercises from single site flux measurements to local or regional scale. Hence, footprint models are ultimately also of considerable importance for improved greenhouse gas budgeting. With increasing numbers of flux towers within large monitoring networks such as FluxNet, ICOS (Integrated Carbon Observation System), NEON (National Ecological Observatory Network), or AmeriFlux, and with increasing temporal range of observations from such towers (of the order of decades) and availability of airborne flux measurements, there has been an increasing demand for reliable footprint estimation. Even though several sophisticated footprint models have been developed in recent years, most are still not suitable for application to long time series, due to their high computational demands. Existing fast footprint models, on the other hand, are based on surface layer theory and hence are of restricted validity for real-case applications. To remedy such shortcomings, we present the two-dimensional parameterisation for Flux Footprint Prediction (FFP), based on a novel scaling approach for the crosswind distribution of the flux footprint and on an improved version of the footprint parameterisation of Kljun et al. (2004b). Compared to the latter, FFP now provides not only the extent but also the width and shape of footprint estimates, and explicit consideration of the effects of the surface roughness length. The footprint parameterisation has been developed and evaluated using simulations of the backward Lagrangian stochastic particle dispersion model LPDM-B (Kljun et al., 2002). Like LPDM-B, the parameterisation is valid for a broad range of boundary layer conditions and measurement heights over the entire planetary boundary layer. Thus, it can provide footprint estimates for a wide range of real-case applications. The new footprint parameterisation requires input that can be easily determined from, for example, flux tower measurements or airborne flux data. FFP can be applied to data of long-term monitoring programmes as well as be used for quick footprint estimates in the field, or for designing new sites.
524 citations
01 Apr 2015
315 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the emerging field of high energy atmospheric physics, including the production of runaway electrons, the production and propagation of energetic radiation, and the effects of both on atmospheric electrodynamics.
Abstract: It is now well established that both thunderclouds and lightning routinely emit x-rays and gamma-rays. These emissions appear over wide timescales, ranging from sub-microsecond bursts of x-rays associated with lightning leaders, to sub-millisecond bursts of gamma-rays seen in space called terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, to minute long glows from thunderclouds seen on the ground and in or near the cloud by aircraft and balloons. In particular, terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs), which are thought to be emitted by thunderclouds, are so bright that they sometimes saturate detectors on spacecraft hundreds of kilometers away. These TGFs also generate energetic secondary electrons and positrons that are detected by spacecraft in the inner magnetosphere. It is generally believed that these x-ray and gamma-ray emissions are generated, via bremsstrahlung, by energetic runaway electrons that are accelerated by electric fields in the atmosphere. In this paper, we review this newly emerging field of High-Energy Atmospheric Physics, including the production of runaway electrons, the production and propagation of energetic radiation, and the effects of both on atmospheric electrodynamics.
289 citations