Author
F.K. Sanders
Bio: F.K. Sanders is an academic researcher from University of London. The author has contributed to research in topics: Viable count. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 134 citations.
Topics: Viable count
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: All four in vitro methods of estimating the percentage viability of a cell suspension gave similar results with a recently harvested cell suspension but three of them grossly overestimated the proportion of viable cells in a suspension which had been stored at 4 °C for 11 days.
134 citations
Cited by
More filters
TL;DR: This chapter focuses on cell culture measurements that can be divided into four major categories: visual methods, which employ the use of light microscopy and devices commonly used in hematology; chemical methods,which employ commonly used analytical biochemical procedures adapted to tissue culture; electronic systems using flow-through cells or apertures for measurement of incorporated dyes or cell numbers; and an array of miscellaneous procedures.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on cell culture measurements that can be divided into four major categories: (1) visual methods, which employ the use of light microscopy and devices commonly used in hematology; (2) chemical methods, which employ commonly used analytical biochemical procedures adapted to tissue culture; (3) electronic systems using flow-through cells or apertures for measurement of incorporated dyes or cell numbers; and (4) an array of miscellaneous procedures. The handling of cells prior to analysis is extremely important for a variety of reasons: (1) the exogenous growth media may contain components that are being assayed in the cell, (2) leakage of cellular components may occur if cellular integrity is lost at this point, (3) loss of cells may result from severe mechanical handling, and (4) the use of hydrolytic enzymes may lead to the loss of measurable materials.
511 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that Con A-activated T cells can influence B cells to respond to Con A; whereas B cells by themselves cannot be activated by Con A, suggesting that LPS exerts a non-specific stimulatory effect on B cells.
383 citations
TL;DR: In balanced salt solution 20 mg per cent of Erythrosin B differentially stained Strain L tissue culture cells, cells that were not stained respired and produced lactic acid did not metabolize.
316 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Human lymphoma cell line was exposed in vitro to increasing concentrations of adriamycin, bleomycin, and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea for 1 hr, and CF appears as the most reliable, dose-dependent index of cell lethality.
Abstract: In proliferating cell populations, the inability to reproduce indefinitely is the only relevant criterion to assess cell lethality. The in vitro colony formation technique (CF) used to determine reproductive death is, however, too slow and has several technical limitations. For finding suitable, more rapid techniques that assessed drug-induced cell killing, a human lymphoma cell line was exposed in vitro to increasing concentrations of adriamycin, bleomycin, and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea for 1 hr. Survival was assayed immediately after treatment and at regular intervals thereafter. Data from CF were compared to those resulting from the following tests: doubling time, labeling index, dye exclusion, 51Cr release, and rate of [3H]thymidine uptake (scintillation index). Dye exclusion and 51Cr release failed to demonstrate any killing effect for the 3 drugs. The percentage of killing calculated from doubling time determinations, although dose dependent, failed to correlate with CF. Scintillation and labeling index values displayed similar temporal fluctuations but were not clearly dose dependent and did not correlate with CF. Thus, CF appears as the most reliable, dose-dependent index of cell lethality. Tests that measure metabolic death grossly overestimate or underestimate killing activity induced by 3 of the most effective antitumor drugs.
297 citations
TL;DR: The chapter reviews the immunological status of fetal and neonatal mammals as well as several aspects of the ontogeny of the immune response when examined by the most sensitive technique presently available.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The chapter focuses on the developmental aspects of immunity. The ontogenetic development of immune responses in the immature animal and the developmental cellular stages of the immune response in the adult animal are discussed in this chapter. The cellular mechanisms underlying the several immune responses have not received the full attention either to the evolutionary principles underlying the development of all biological systems or to the broad biological rules that govern the proliferative and differentiate activities of cells in any biologically functioning system. The chapter reviews the immunological status of fetal and neonatal mammals as well as several aspects of the ontogeny of the immune response when examined by the most sensitive technique presently available. Developmental stages of immune reactions and their mutual relationships such as relationship of phagocytosis to specific cellular reactions, relationship of delayed hypersensitivity to antibody formation, and dynamics of antibody formation are also presented in this chapter. The increase of immunological capacity with age and the appearance of natural antibodies result solely from specific antigenic stimulation; the chapter discusses the Unitarian concept of cell differentiation and proliferation underlying any form of immunological response. Several methods for studying developmental aspects of immunity and immunological development are also discussed in this chapter.
266 citations