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F. L. Dunn

Bio: F. L. Dunn is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Malaria. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 8 citations.
Topics: Malaria

Papers
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Journal Article
TL;DR: The data suggest that the tupaioids and lorisoids of this region probably do not harbor malaria parasites and need not be considered in the study of malaria as a zoonosis, and several species of primate plasmodia probably remain to be recognized.
Abstract: Blood film examination records for 450 Southeast Asian primitive primates (prosimians) are summarized and discussed. These data suggest that the tupaioids and lorisoids of this region probably do not harbor malaria parasites and need not be considered in the study of malaria as a zoonosis. On present evidence it appears that the lemurs of Madagascar are the only prosimians harboring malaria parasites. Several trypanosomes and filariids of Malaysian prosimians are briefly noted. It is now recognized that malaria caused by certain species of plasmodia of nonhuman primates probably must be classified as a zoonosis (Contacos and Coatney, 1963). The definitive link-mosquito transmission from infected monkey to man in nature-has not yet been demonstrated, but much evidence has accumulated to suggest that natural transmission to man may occur in certain places, although probably rarely (Wharton and Warren, 1963). One of the present problems in primate malaria research is the inadequacy of our knowledge of the number of species of plasmodia present in these hosts, the host distribution of these parasites, their geographic distribution, and their prevalence in each host species in nature. Several species of primate plasmodia probably remain to be recognized. In 3 years of intensive study in Malaya, Eyles and his colleagues uncovered three previously undescribed species (Eyles, 1963). Others may yet be recognized, in southern Asia and elsewhere, and it is certain that such little-known species as Plasmodium Received for publication 13 December 1963. * This study was supported in part by Contract No. DA-49-193-MD-2291 from the Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, with sponsorship by the Commission on Parasitic Diseases, U. S. Armed Forces Epidemiological Board; in part by U. S. Public Health Service Grant GM-11329-03 from the ICMRT Program, Office of International Research, National Institutes of Health. t Current address: Medical Zoology Laboratory, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. simium da Fonseca, 1951 and P. hylobati Rodhain, 1941 must be more fully characterized than they have been in the past. In this paper data resulting from blood film examinations between 1954 and 1963 of 450 Southeast Asian primitive primates (prosimians) are reviewed and discussed. METHODS AND FINDINGS The data presented in Table I have been compiled from several sources. Negative records for 19 Tupaia belangeri of Loei Province, Thailand were reported by Coatney et al. (1960). I have recorded negative findings elsewhere for 14 Tupaia glis collected on Pulau Tioman, an island off the coast of Pahang State, Malaya (Dunn, 1964). There do not appear to be other published records for blood film findings in Southeast Asian prosimians. The records in Table I for 50 Tupaia glis and 48 Nycticebus coucang from the vicinity of Kuantan, Pahang State, examined between 19551961, were extracted from the files of the Malaria and Filariasis Division of the Institute for Medical Research with the assistance of Mr. Yap Loy Fong. Records for tree shrews and lorises collected in Selangor State, Malaya between 1954-1961 were also obtained from these files. I am indebted to Prof. A. A. Sandosham, Senior Malaria and Filariasis Research Officer, for permission to summarize these records. Other data, including all for North Borneo, for 39 tree shrews and lorises collected in Selangor in 1962-1963, and for other Malayan localities in 1962-1963, are from the writer's records. All Malayan and Bornean records are based on thorough examination of two thick and two thin blood films by one of several experienced laboratory assistants.

8 citations


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Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: This work has shown that parasitism in nonhuman primate colonies is exacerbated by the stress of capture and confinement, and can create opportunities for secondary infections that may be fatal.
Abstract: Most people who have had more than cursory experience in the husbandry of nonhuman primate colonies will agree that parasitism is one of the most common disease entities that affects these animals. Numerous protozoal and metazoal genera have been described as infecting the members of all major nonhuman primate groups. Many of these are considered to be nonpathogenic, or at least their detrimental effects upon the host have yet to be eludicated. A large number, however, can produce lesions that result in serious debilitation and can create opportunities for secondary infections that may be fatal. This process appears to be exacerbated by the stress of capture and confinement.

46 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1998
TL;DR: The histomorphologic features of protozoan and metazoan parasitic infections of nonhuman primates were discussed in this article, and several diseases caused by protozooan parasites such as flagellates, sarcodines, Apicomplexa, microsporidia, ciliates, and Pneumocystis were discussed.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the histomorphologic features of protozoan and metazoan parasitic infections of nonhuman primates. It also discusses several diseases caused by protozoan parasites such as flagellates, sarcodines, Apicomplexa, microsporidia, ciliates, and Pneumocystis. Several diseases caused by metazoan parasites such as nematodes, trematodes, cestodes, acanthocephalans, annelids, arthropods, arachnids, and pentastomids are also presented in the chapter. Infection with most of the common enteric coccidian parasites is considered essentially innocuous. There are no known lesions or diseases associated with their presence in the nonhuman primate gastrointestinal tract. Balantidium coli is the only species that has been associated with lesions of the intestinal tract. There is a relative paucity of information regarding the extent of flea infestation in nonhuman primates. The available reports concern fleas that, for the most part, are natural parasites of animals other than nonhuman primates. The parasites that cause pentastomiasis are considered to be highly aberrant arthropods. Four genera of pentastomids described in the chapter are Linguatula, Porocephalus, Armitlifer, and Gigliolella.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new species of Brugia tupaiae is described from the lymphatic system of a Malaysian tree shrew (Tupaia glis) and is small and slender and has small copulatory spicules.
Abstract: Brugia tupaiae sp. n. from the lymphatic system of a Malaysian tree shrew (Tupaia glis) is described. This is the third species of Brugia reported from Malayan mammals and the first described from tupaioids. As compared with other species of Brugia, B. tupaiae is small and slender and has small copulatory spicules. The tail of the microfilaria lacks the constriction between the subterminal and terminal nuclei. Tree shrews are found in the forest areas of India, southeast Asia, and the Philippines. Although microfilariae, including sheathed forms, have been observed in these primitive primates, species of Brugia have not been reported (Laing et al., 1960; Dunn and Ramachandran, 1962; Ann. Rept. Inst. Med. Res. Fed. Malaya, 1964; Dunn, 1964). Recently 41 tree shrews collected in Malaya and identified as Tupaia glis were examined for blood parasites. In six of the animals sheathed microfilariae morphologically similar to those of Brugia pahangi and B. malayi were found. At necropsy of one with a moderate microfilaremia, six adult worms (three males, three females) of an undescribed species of Brugia were recovered from the lymphatic and associated tissues. The species description which follows is based on these six specimens.

12 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The most recent branch, mariculture, has shown advances in raising fishes in brackish, estuarine and bay waters, in which marine, anadromous and catadromic fishes have successfully been grown and maintained.
Abstract: With the increasing demand for fish as human food, aquaculture both in freshwater and salt water is rapidly developing over the world. In the developing countries, fishes are being raised as food. In many countries fish farming is a very important economic activity. The most recent branch, mariculture, has shown advances in raising fishes in brackish, estuarine and bay waters, in which marine, anadromous and catadromous fishes have successfully been grown and maintained.

7 citations