Author
F. Loiacono
Other affiliations: INAF
Bio: F. Loiacono is an academic researcher from University of Bologna. The author has contributed to research in topics: Galaxy & Star formation. The author has an hindex of 18, co-authored 28 publications receiving 887 citations. Previous affiliations of F. Loiacono include INAF.
Topics: Galaxy, Star formation, Redshift, Stellar mass, Reionization
Papers
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California Institute of Technology1, University of Cambridge2, University of Copenhagen3, University of Padua4, University of Tokyo5, University of Geneva6, Paul Sabatier University7, University of La Serena8, University of Antofagasta9, University of Bologna10, Space Telescope Science Institute11, Waseda University12, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan13, Valparaiso University14, University of California, Davis15, University of Florida16, Max Planck Society17, Cornell University18, European Southern Observatory19, Leiden University20, University of Massachusetts Amherst21
TL;DR: The ALMA-ALPINE [CII] survey (A2C2S) aims at characterizing the properties of a sample of normal star-forming galaxies (SFGs).
Abstract: The ALMA-ALPINE [CII] survey (A2C2S) aims at characterizing the properties of a sample of normal star-forming galaxies (SFGs). ALPINE, the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate 118 galaxies observed in the [CII]-158$\mu$m line and far Infrared (FIR) continuum emission in the period of rapid mass assembly, right after HI reionization ended, at redshifts 4
140 citations
University of Geneva1, University of Bologna2, California Institute of Technology3, University of Copenhagen4, University of Padua5, Paul Sabatier University6, University of Tokyo7, University of La Serena8, University of Antofagasta9, Space Telescope Science Institute10, Valparaiso University11, University of Cambridge12, University of California, Davis13, Cornell University14, Max Planck Society15, Leiden University16
TL;DR: The Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Large Program to Investigate [C II] at Early times (ALPINE) targets the 158 μm line and the far-infrared continuum in 118 spectroscopically confirmed star-forming galaxies as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Large Program to INvestigate [C II] at Early times (ALPINE) targets the [C II] 158 μm line and the far-infrared continuum in 118 spectroscopically confirmed star-forming galaxies between z = 44 and z = 59 It represents the first large [C II] statistical sample built in this redshift range We present details regarding the data processing and the construction of the catalogs We detected 23 of our targets in the continuum To derive accurate infrared luminosities and obscured star formation rates (SFRs), we measured the conversion factor from the ALMA 158 μm rest-frame dust continuum luminosity to the total infrared luminosity (L_(IR)) after constraining the dust spectral energy distribution by stacking a photometric sample similar to ALPINE in ancillary single-dish far-infrared data We found that our continuum detections have a median L_(IR) of 44 × 10¹¹ L_⊙ We also detected 57 additional continuum sources in our ALMA pointings They are at a lower redshift than the ALPINE targets, with a mean photometric redshift of 25 ± 02 We measured the 850 μm number counts between 035 and 35 mJy, thus improving the current interferometric constraints in this flux density range We found a slope break in the number counts around 3 mJy with a shallower slope below this value More than 40% of the cosmic infrared background is emitted by sources brighter than 035 mJy Finally, we detected the [C II] line in 75 of our targets Their median [C II] luminosity is 48 × 10⁸ L_⊙ and their median full width at half maximum is 252 km s⁻¹ After measuring the mean obscured SFR in various [C II] luminosity bins by stacking ALPINE continuum data, we find a good agreement between our data and the local and predicted SFR–L_([C II]) relations
130 citations
California Institute of Technology1, University of Geneva2, University of Toulouse3, University of California, Davis4, University of Padua5, INAF6, Aix-Marseille University7, University of Copenhagen8, Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe9, University of Tokyo10, Space Telescope Science Institute11, University of La Serena12, University of Antofagasta13, University of Bologna14, Valparaiso University15, University of Cambridge16, Max Planck Society17, Cornell University18, Leiden University19
TL;DR: The ALMA Large Program to Investigate C⁺ at Early Times (ALPINE) survey is the first large multi-wavelength survey that aims at characterizing the gas and dust properties of 118 main-sequence galaxies at redshifts 4.4 3.5σ.
Abstract: We present the ancillary data and basic physical measurements for the galaxies in the ALMA Large Program to Investigate C⁺ at Early Times (ALPINE) survey—the first large multiwavelength survey that aims at characterizing the gas and dust properties of 118 main-sequence galaxies at redshifts 4.4 3.5σ) and the surrounding far-infrared continuum in conjunction with a wealth of optical and near-infrared data. We outline in detail the spectroscopic data and selection of the galaxies as well as the ground- and space-based imaging products. In addition, we provide several basic measurements including stellar masses, star formation rates (SFR), rest-frame ultra-violet (UV) luminosities, UV continuum slopes (β), and absorption line redshifts, as well as Hα emission derived from Spitzer colors. We find that the ALPINE sample is representative of the 4 < z < 6 galaxy population selected by photometric methods and only slightly biased toward bluer colors (Δβ ~ 0.2). Using [C II] as tracer of the systemic redshift (confirmed for one galaxy at z = 4.5 out of 118 for which we obtained optical [O III]λ3727A emission), we confirm redshifted Lyα emission and blueshifted absorption lines similar to findings at lower redshifts. By stacking the rest-frame UV spectra in the [C II] rest frame, we find that the absorption lines in galaxies with high specific SFR are more blueshifted, which could be indicative of stronger winds and outflows.
100 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study the efficiency of galactic feedback in the early Universe by stacking the [C II] 158 um emission in a large sample of normal star-forming galaxies at 4 4.
Abstract: We study the efficiency of galactic feedback in the early Universe by stacking the [C II] 158 um emission in a large sample of normal star-forming galaxies at 4 4. From the stacking analysis of the datacubes, we find that the combined [C II] core emission (|v|< 200 km/s) of the higher-SFR galaxies is extended on physical sizes of ~ 30 kpc (diameter scale), well beyond the analogous [C II] core emission of lower-SFR galaxies and the stacked far-infrared continuum. The detection of such extended metal-enriched gas, likely tracing circumgalactic gas enriched by past outflows, corroborates previous similar studies, confirming that baryon cycle and gas exchanges with the circumgalactic medium are at work in normal star-forming galaxies already at early epochs.
100 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a weak dependence of the SFR on the Lyman-alpha equivalent width of the [CII] 158 micron line was found for the ALPINE sources, which suggests no or little evolution of the L([CII])-SFR relation over the last 13 Gyr of cosmic time.
Abstract: The [CII] 158 micron line is one of the strongest IR emission lines, which has been shown to trace the star-formation rate (SFR) of galaxies in the nearby Universe and up to $z \sim 2$. Whether this is also the case at higher redshift and in the early Universe remains debated. The ALPINE survey, which targeted 118 star-forming galaxies at $4.4 6 $ [CII] measurements (detections and upper limits) do not behave very differently from the $z \sim 4-6$ data. We find a weak dependence of L([CII])/SFR on the Lyman-alpha equivalent width. Finally, we find that the ratio L([CII])/LIR $\sim (1-3) \times 10^{-3}$ for the ALPINE sources, comparable to that of "normal" galaxies at lower redshift. Our analysis, which includes the largest sample ($\sim 150$ galaxies) of [CII] measurements at $z>4$ available so far, suggests no or little evolution of the L([CII])-SFR relation over the last 13 Gyr of cosmic time.
98 citations
Cited by
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California Institute of Technology1, University of Cambridge2, University of Copenhagen3, University of Padua4, University of Tokyo5, Paul Sabatier University6, University of Geneva7, University of La Serena8, University of Antofagasta9, University of Bologna10, Space Telescope Science Institute11, Waseda University12, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan13, Valparaiso University14, University of California, Davis15, University of Florida16, Cornell University17, Max Planck Society18, European Southern Observatory19, Leiden University20, University of Massachusetts Amherst21
TL;DR: The ALMA-ALPINE [CII] survey (A2C2S) aims at characterizing the properties of a sample of normal star-forming galaxies (SFGs).
Abstract: The ALMA-ALPINE [CII] survey (A2C2S) aims at characterizing the properties of a sample of normal star-forming galaxies (SFGs). ALPINE, the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate 118 galaxies observed in the [CII]-158$\mu$m line and far Infrared (FIR) continuum emission in the period of rapid mass assembly, right after HI reionization ended, at redshifts 4
140 citations
University of Geneva1, University of Bologna2, University of Copenhagen3, California Institute of Technology4, University of Padua5, Paul Sabatier University6, University of Tokyo7, University of La Serena8, University of Antofagasta9, Space Telescope Science Institute10, Valparaiso University11, University of Cambridge12, University of California, Davis13, Cornell University14, Max Planck Society15, Leiden University16
TL;DR: The Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Large Program to Investigate [C II] at Early times (ALPINE) targets the 158 μm line and the far-infrared continuum in 118 spectroscopically confirmed star-forming galaxies as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Large Program to INvestigate [C II] at Early times (ALPINE) targets the [C II] 158 μm line and the far-infrared continuum in 118 spectroscopically confirmed star-forming galaxies between z = 44 and z = 59 It represents the first large [C II] statistical sample built in this redshift range We present details regarding the data processing and the construction of the catalogs We detected 23 of our targets in the continuum To derive accurate infrared luminosities and obscured star formation rates (SFRs), we measured the conversion factor from the ALMA 158 μm rest-frame dust continuum luminosity to the total infrared luminosity (L_(IR)) after constraining the dust spectral energy distribution by stacking a photometric sample similar to ALPINE in ancillary single-dish far-infrared data We found that our continuum detections have a median L_(IR) of 44 × 10¹¹ L_⊙ We also detected 57 additional continuum sources in our ALMA pointings They are at a lower redshift than the ALPINE targets, with a mean photometric redshift of 25 ± 02 We measured the 850 μm number counts between 035 and 35 mJy, thus improving the current interferometric constraints in this flux density range We found a slope break in the number counts around 3 mJy with a shallower slope below this value More than 40% of the cosmic infrared background is emitted by sources brighter than 035 mJy Finally, we detected the [C II] line in 75 of our targets Their median [C II] luminosity is 48 × 10⁸ L_⊙ and their median full width at half maximum is 252 km s⁻¹ After measuring the mean obscured SFR in various [C II] luminosity bins by stacking ALPINE continuum data, we find a good agreement between our data and the local and predicted SFR–L_([C II]) relations
130 citations
TL;DR: An overview of the basic physics of cool outflows, a comprehensive assessment of the observational techniques and diagnostic tools used to characterize them, a detailed description of the best-studied cases, and a more general discussion of the statistical properties of these outflows in the local and distant universe can be found in this article.
Abstract: Neutral-atomic and molecular outflows are a common occurrence in galaxies, near and far. They operate over the full extent of their galaxy hosts, from the innermost regions of galactic nuclei to the outermost reaches of galaxy halos. They carry a substantial amount of material that would otherwise have been used to form new stars. These cool outflows may have a profound impact on the evolution of their host galaxies and environments. This article provides an overview of the basic physics of cool outflows, a comprehensive assessment of the observational techniques and diagnostic tools used to characterize them, a detailed description of the best-studied cases, and a more general discussion of the statistical properties of these outflows in the local and distant universe. The remaining outstanding issues that have not yet been resolved are summarized at the end of the review to inspire new research directions.
117 citations
TL;DR: The main advances ALMA has helped bring about in understanding of the dust and gas properties of high-redshift (z≳1) star-forming galaxies during these first 9 years of its science operations are reviewed, and the interesting questions that may be answered by ALMA in the years to come are highlighted.
Abstract: The Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) is currently in the process of transforming our view of star-forming galaxies in the distant (z≳1) universe. Before ALMA, most of what we kne...
116 citations
TL;DR: The ALMA-ALPINE [CII] survey is aimed at characterizing the properties of a sample of normal star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at redshifts of 4 5.
Abstract: The ALMA-ALPINE [CII] survey is aimed at characterizing the properties of a sample of normal star-forming galaxies (SFGs). The ALMA Large Program to INvestigate (ALPINE) features 118 galaxies observed in the [CII]-158$\mu$m line and far infrared (FIR) continuum emission during the period of rapid mass assembly, right after the end of the HI reionization, at redshifts of 4 5). Based on a visual inspection of the [CII] data cubes together with the large wealth of ancillary data, we find a surprisingly wide range of galaxy types, including 40% that are mergers, 20% extended and dispersion-dominated, 13% compact, and 11% rotating discs, with the remaining 16% too faint to be classified. This diversity indicates that a wide array of physical processes must be at work at this epoch, first and foremost, those of galaxy mergers. This paper sets a reference sample for the gas distribution in normal SFGs at 4
108 citations