The second edition of The Biomarker Guide is a fully updated and expanded version of this essential reference. Now in two volumes, it provides a comprehensive account of the role that biomarker technology plays both in petroleum exploration and in understanding Earth history and processes. Biomarkers and Isotopes in the Environment and Human History details the origins of biomarkers and introduces basic chemical principles relevant to their study. It discusses analytical techniques, and applications of biomarkers to environmental and archaeological problems. The Biomarker Guide is an invaluable resource for geologists, petroleum geochemists, biogeochemists, environmental scientists and archaeologists.

The Biomarker Guide

Organic geochemical proxies of paleoceanographic, paleolimnologic, and paleoclimatic processes

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

http://projects.itn.pt/UCQR_QAA/Meyers_2003.pdf

Applications of organic geochemistry to paleolimnological reconstructions: a summary of examples from the Laurentian Great Lakes

The Rock-Eval 6 apparatus is the latest version of the Rock-Eval product line, commercialized since 1996 by Vinci Technologies. The present work describes the methodology developed at IFP for reliable data acquisition and endorses the quality of geochemical parameters acquired with Rock-Eval 6. Data were obtained on 147 source rocks from various sedimentary basins, of different organic matter types and maturity stages. Intrinsic correlations for two different Rock-Eval 6 apparatus were performed and the obtained data set shows an excellent consistency and good reproducibility conditions for the whole set of Rock-Eval parameters. Complete recovery of total carbon (TC) by Rock-Eval 6 was confirmed by comparison with elemental analysis. In order to check the carbon partition (mineral vs. organic) determined by Rock-Eval 6, measurements of mineral carbon (MinC) and total organic carbon (TOC) were performed by alternative techniques. TOC measured by Rock-Eval 6 was compared to that obtained either by: the Leco apparatus for bulk rocks; elemental analysis for kerogens; and calculation from the mass balance determined after destruction of mineral matrix and the carbon concentration determined by elemental analysis on recovered kerogens for bulk rocks. The results display a good correlation for the whole concentration range (0-90 wt% TOC), when comparing elemental analyses and Rock-Eval 6 for source rocks and kerogens. However, comparison of Rock-Eval 6 with Leco data leads to larger deviations while correlation factors are still good. For a subset of kerogen samples, preparative pyrolysis was performed in order to confirm the value of 83 wt% for the organic carbon of the total S2 peak for any rock with any organic type and to check the absolute value of the S2 peak by gas chromatography analysis of pyrolysis by-product. MinC measured with Rock-Eval 6 was compared to that determined by: weight loss after HCl treatment; the acidimetry technique; and calculation after TC, mass balance from kerogen isolation and organic carbon measurement on kerogen by elemental analysis. The results display a good correlation for the whole concentration range (0-12 wt% MinC), when comparing elemental analyses and Rock-Eval 6. However, comparison of Rock-Eval 6 with acidimetry data leads to larger deviations while correlation factors are still good while comparison with weight loss is poor. As a whole an excellent reliability of TOC and MinC obtained by Rock-Eval 6 was demonstrated, and consequently, it is now possible to get at once the total organic and mineral carbon mass balance for a given rock. Recommendations are proposed regarding the standard samples and analytical methods selected for calibrating the Rock-Eval 6 over a large mineral and organic carbon range. Consistency between S2 and Tmax measured by Rock-Eval 2 and Rock-Eval 6 for Types I and II bulk rocks was also checked. A good correlation was obtained for S2, even though S2 values are slightlyhigher when measured with Rock-Eval 2. It was demonstrated that this is due to carrier gas (nitrogen vs. helium) by running measurements with a Rock-Eval 6 under helium, the difference ranging from 5 to 10 relative wt% for most studied samples. For Tmax correlation, data are much more scattered and as a general trend Tmax obtained by Rock-Eval 6 are higher than Tmax obtained by Rock-Eval 2 and the difference increases with Tmax: this is due to the fact that the probe measuring the temperature in the Rock-Eval 2 is located in the oven wall, consequently Tmax determination is highly dependent on the setup and calibration of the apparatus. A special attention was given for temperature measurement in the Rock-Eval 6, where the probe is in contact with the crucible containing the sample, leading to much more reliable data.

/pdf/rock-eval-6-technology-performances-and-developments-lle5bkv35s.pdf

Rock-Eval 6 Technology: Performances and Developments

Les etudes fondamentales realisees sur les kerogenes a l'aide de diverses methodes physico-chimiques d'analyse ont permis de mettre au point une methode et un appareillage adaptes a l'exploration petroliere. On expose dans cet article la mise au point de cette methode et on montre, a l'aide des parametres qu'elle permet d'obtenir, ses applications dans le domaine de l'exploration petroliere - reconnaissance des differents types de roche mere et de leur potentiel petrolier; - caracterisation de leur degre d'evolution (zone a huile - zone a gaz). On montre aussi que cette methode convient particulierement bien a l'estimation du rendement en huile des roches bitumineuses et a l'etude de la qualite et du rang des charbons.

Méthode rapide de caractérisation des roches mètres, de leur potentiel pétrolier et de leur degré d'évolution

Successful petroleum exploration relies on detailed analysis of the petroleum system in a given area. Identification of potential source rocks, their maturity and kinetic parameters, and their regional distribution are best accomplished by rapid screening of rock samples (cores and/or cuttings) using the Rock-Eval apparatus. The technique has been routinely used for about fifteen years and has become a standard tool for hydrocarbon exploration. This paper describes how the new functions of the latest version of Rock-Eval (Rock-Eval 6) have expanded applications of the method in petroleum geoscience. Examples of new applications are illustrated for source rock characterization, reservoir geochemistry, and environmental studies, including quantification.

/pdf/rock-eval-6-applications-in-hydrocarbon-exploration-3qddxqizxp.pdf

Rock-Eval 6 Applications in Hydrocarbon Exploration, Production, and Soil Contamination Studies

Concue pour repondre aux besoins de l'exploration petroliere, la methode de pyrolyse Rock-Eval est maintenant largement utilisee. Elle fournit, en effet, et d'une facon rapide, differentes informations sur le contenu organique des roches, telles que le potentiel petrolier des series rencontrees, la nature des kerogenes, leur etat de maturation. En ce qui concerne le materiel, deux nouvelles versions ont ete mises au point a l'Institut Francais du Petrole (IFP) depuis l'apparition en 1977 des premiers appareils Rock-Eval : un Rock-Eval II completement automatise grâce a un microprocesseur et dote, en option, d'un module de dosage du carbone organique; un Rock-Eval III (Oil Show Analyzer) qui se distingue du precedent par le fait qu'il analyse separement le gaz et l'huile et qu'il effectue le dosage du carbone organique a la place du pic S3. En ce qui concerne l'interpretation de la methode, l'experience acquise tant par les applications aux bassins sedimentaires que par les etudes experimentales menees en laboratoire a permis de mieux connaitre les parametres utilises (pics S1, S2, S3, temperature de pyrolyse Tmax) a travers leurs variations et, de la, de mieux discerner les limites d'application de la methode. En ce qui concerne l'application de la methode, la representation verticale des resultats sous forme de logs geochimiques conduit a une interpretation a la fois efficace et pratique. Des abaques et des diagrammes de reference permettent de caracteriser les roches meres (potentiels petroliers, types de matiere organique, degre d'evolution, alterations. . . ) ainsi que les phenomenes de migration. L'etablissement de cartes geochimiques a l'echelle du bassin devient alors possible. Enfin la methode est sortie du domaine de l'exploration petroliere proprement dite pour trouver des applications a l'etude des charbons, des roches bitumineuses, des sediments recents et meme aux techniques du raffinage et de la recuperation secondaire des bruts.

La pyrolyse Rock-Eval et ses applications. Première partie.

Presentation, sur 3 series geologiques, de la signification geochimique pouvant etre attribuee aux parametres obtenues par la pyrolyse Rock-Eval effectuee sur des matieres organiques pures ou sur des roches riches en matiere organique

F. Marquis

Papers

Méthode rapide de caractérisation des roches mètres, de leur potentiel pétrolier et de leur degré d'évolution

Rock-Eval 6 Applications in Hydrocarbon Exploration, Production, and Soil Contamination Studies

La pyrolyse Rock-Eval et ses applications. Première partie.

La pyrolyse Rock-Eval et ses applications. III

La pyrolyse Rock-Eval et ses applications. Troisième partie. Rock-Eval Pyrolysis and Its Applications (Part Three)