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F. Troxler

Bio: F. Troxler is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Psilocybe cubensis & Lactam. The author has an hindex of 7, co-authored 12 publications receiving 346 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The psychotropically active principles of the Mexican hallucinogenic fungus Psilocybe maxicana HEIM have been isolated and obtained in crystalline form and are present in the fruit bodies, the artificially cultivated mycelium and in the sclerotia.
Abstract: The psychotropically active principles of the Mexican hallucinogenic fungus Psilocybe maxicana HEIM have been isolated and obtained in crystalline form. The two new substances, which have been called psilocybin and psilocin, are present in the fruit bodies, the artificially cultivated mycelium and in the sclerotia. The dried mushroom contains 0.2 to 0.4 per cent psilocybin. Psilocin is present, at the most, in trace amounts only.

182 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a rationelle Synthese fur das Bufotenin and and other ω-N-substituierte 5-Oxy-tryptamine angegeben.
Abstract: Es wird eine rationelle Synthese fur das Bufotenin und andere ω-N-substituierte 5-Oxy-tryptamine angegeben. Folgende neue Verbindungen aus der Reihe der Oxy-tryptamine werden beschrieben: 5-Oxy-ω-N-methyl-tryptamin, 5-Oxy-ω-N-athyl-tryptamin, 5-Oxy-ω-N, N-diathyl-tryptamin, 5-Oxy-ω-N-β-aminoathyl-tryptamin, N-[β-(5-Oxy-indolyl-(3))-athyl]-piperidin, sowie zwei Stellungsisomere des Serotonins, das 4-Oxy-tryptamin und das 6-Oxy-tryptamin.

78 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, aufhebung des Asymmetriezentrums am Kohlenstoffatom 8 durch β-Aminocarbonsaure-Spaltung ergibt ein identisches Lactam aus Lysergsaure and Isolysergsaure, was zur Formulierung dieser Isomeren als Diastereomere fuhrt.
Abstract: Die Aufhebung des Asymmetriezentrums am Kohlenstoffatom 8 durch β-Aminocarbonsaure-Spaltung ergibt ein identisches Lactam aus Lysergsaure und Isolysergsaure, was zur Formulierung dieser Isomeren als Diastereomere fuhrt. Ihre hydrierbare Doppelbindung wird auf Grund des Vergleichs der Absorptionsspektren in Δ9-10 festgelegt. Der Hofmann'sche Abbau, die Decarboxylierung und die Hydrierung von Lysergsaure und Isolysergsaure werden in Ubereinstimmung mit dieser Auffassung formuliert. Fur den Mechanismus der reversiblen Lysergsaure-Isolysergsaure-Umlagerung wird eine Erklarung gegeben.

64 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the preparation and BECKMANN rearrangement of 4-tosyloxyimino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindoles are described.
Abstract: The preparation and BECKMANN rearrangement of 4-tosyloxyimino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindoles are described. The structures of the stereoisomeric parent oximes, their tosylates, and of the products of their BECKMANN rearrangement have been confirmed by NMR and IR spectroscopy.

20 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a stereoselective reduction of d-lysergic acid amides to 2,3-dihydro derivatives is described, which can be dehydrogenated and oxidised with potassium nitroso-disulphonate to form the corresponding 12-hydrosy-d-LSA amides.
Abstract: A stereoselective reduction of d-lysergic acid amides to the 2,3-dihydro derivatives is described. These new dihydro-compounds can be dehydrogenated and oxidised with potassium nitroso-disulphonate to form the corresponding 12-hydrosy-d-lysergic acid amides besides the corresponding d-lysergic acid amides.

16 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review covers the literature on simple indole alkaloid and those with a nonrearranged monoterpenoid unit from the beginning of 2012 up to the end of 2013, which includes newly isolated alkaloids, structure determinations, total syntheses and biological activities.

463 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that the administration of moderate doses of psilocybin to healthy, high-functioning and well-prepared subjects in the context of a carefully monitored research environment is associated with an acceptable level of risk.
Abstract: Psilocybin and related hallucinogenic compounds are increasingly used in human research. However, due to limited information about potential subjective side effects, the controlled medical use of these compounds has remained controversial. We therefore analysed acute, short- and long-term subjective effects of psilocybin in healthy humans by pooling raw data from eight double-blind placebo-controlled experimental studies conducted between 1999 and 2008. The analysis included 110 healthy subjects who had received 1-4 oral doses of psilocybin (45-315 µg/kg body weight). Although psilocybin dose-dependently induced profound changes in mood, perception, thought and self-experience, most subjects described the experience as pleasurable, enriching and non-threatening. Acute adverse drug reactions, characterized by strong dysphoria and/or anxiety/panic, occurred only in the two highest dose conditions in a relatively small proportion of subjects. All acute adverse drug reactions were successfully managed by providing interpersonal support and did not need psychopharmacological intervention. Follow-up questionnaires indicated no subsequent drug abuse, persisting perception disorders, prolonged psychosis or other long-term impairment of functioning in any of our subjects. The results suggest that the administration of moderate doses of psilocybin to healthy, high-functioning and well-prepared subjects in the context of a carefully monitored research environment is associated with an acceptable level of risk.

317 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: All the available pharmacological data about psilocybin are presented and its still growing capacity for abuse and the widely dispersed data are presented.
Abstract: Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) is the major psychoactive alkaloid of some species of mushrooms distributed worldwide. These mushrooms represent a growing problem regarding hallucinogenic drug abuse. Despite its experimental medical use in the 1960s, only very few pharmacological data about psilocybin were known until recently. Because of its still growing capacity for abuse and the widely dispersed data this review presents all the available pharmacological data about psilocybin.

284 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Clinical trials using psychedelics pre and post prohibition are summarised, the methodological challenges of performing good quality trials in this area are discussed, and a strategic approach to the legal and regulatory barriers to licensing psychedelics as a treatment in mainstream psychiatry is considered.

177 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review summarizes all the past and recent knowledge on psilocybin and attempts to describe the mechanism of psychedelic effects and objectify its action using modern imaging and psychometric methods.

157 citations