Author
Fabrice Eroukhmanoff
Other affiliations: Lund University, École Normale Supérieure
Bio: Fabrice Eroukhmanoff is an academic researcher from University of Oslo. The author has contributed to research in topics: Italian sparrow & Population. The author has an hindex of 18, co-authored 40 publications receiving 3146 citations. Previous affiliations of Fabrice Eroukhmanoff include Lund University & École Normale Supérieure.
Papers
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University of St Andrews1, University of Oldenburg2, Natural History Museum3, Naturalis4, Centre national de la recherche scientifique5, Michigan State University6, University of Lausanne7, University of Wyoming8, Queen Mary University of London9, University of Sheffield10, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis11, University of Oslo12, University of Vienna13, University of Vermont14, University of East Anglia15, Spanish National Research Council16, University of Cambridge17, University of Konstanz18, University of Zurich19, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh20, Harvard University21, Autonomous University of Madrid22, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology23, Boston University24, Max Planck Society25, University of Neuchâtel26, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill27, Lehigh University28, American Museum of Natural History29, University of Montpellier30, University of Liverpool31, Jagiellonian University32, Uppsala University33, German Primate Center34
TL;DR: A perspective on the context and evolutionary significance of hybridization during speciation is offered, highlighting issues of current interest and debate and suggesting that the Dobzhansky–Muller model of hybrid incompatibilities requires a broader interpretation.
Abstract: Hybridization has many and varied impacts on the process of speciation. Hybridization may slow or reverse differentiation by allowing gene flow and recombination. It may accelerate speciation via adaptive introgression or cause near-instantaneous speciation by allopolyploidization. It may have multiple effects at different stages and in different spatial contexts within a single speciation event. We offer a perspective on the context and evolutionary significance of hybridization during speciation, highlighting issues of current interest and debate. In secondary contact zones, it is uncertain if barriers to gene flow will be strengthened or broken down due to recombination and gene flow. Theory and empirical evidence suggest the latter is more likely, except within and around strongly selected genomic regions. Hybridization may contribute to speciation through the formation of new hybrid taxa, whereas introgression of a few loci may promote adaptive divergence and so facilitate speciation. Gene regulatory networks, epigenetic effects and the evolution of selfish genetic material in the genome suggest that the Dobzhansky-Muller model of hybrid incompatibilities requires a broader interpretation. Finally, although the incidence of reinforcement remains uncertain, this and other interactions in areas of sympatry may have knock-on effects on speciation both within and outside regions of hybridization.
1,715 citations
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology1, University of Sheffield2, University of Idaho3, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center4, University of Oslo5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne6, Umeå University7, University of Lausanne8, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine9, University of Notre Dame10, ETH Zurich11, University of Copenhagen12, University of Konstanz13, University of Cambridge14, Max Planck Society15, University of Zurich16, University of Groningen17, University of California, Berkeley18, University of British Columbia19, University of Texas at Arlington20
TL;DR: Emergent trends and gaps in understanding are identified, new approaches to more fully integrate genomics into speciation research are proposed, and an integrative definition of the field of speciation genomics is provided.
Abstract: Speciation is a fundamental evolutionary process, the knowledge of which is crucial for understanding the origins of biodiversity. Genomic approaches are an increasingly important aspect of this research field. We review current understanding of genome-wide effects of accumulating reproductive isolation and of genomic properties that influence the process of speciation. Building on this work, we identify emergent trends and gaps in our understanding, propose new approaches to more fully integrate genomics into speciation research, translate speciation theory into hypotheses that are testable using genomic tools and provide an integrative definition of the field of speciation genomics.
875 citations
TL;DR: Investigating gender and species differences in sexual isolation in a sympatric species pair of Calopteryx damselflies revealed that sexual isolation results from both female and male mate discrimination and that wing melanization functions as a species recognition character.
141 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that current and strong sexual selection promotes adaptive population divergence in this species and that premating sexual isolation may have arisen as a correlated response to divergent sexual selection.
Abstract: The relative strength of different types of directional selection has seldom been compared directly in natural populations. A recent meta-analysis of phenotypic selection studies in natural populations suggested that directional sexual selection may be stronger in magnitude than directional natural selection, although this pattern may have partly been confounded by the different time scales over which selection was estimated. Knowledge about the strength of different types of selection is of general interest for understanding how selective forces affect adaptive population divergence and how they may influence speciation. We studied divergent selection on morphology in parapatric, natural damselfly (Calopteryx splendens) populations. Sexual selection was stronger than natural selection measured on the same traits, irrespective of the time scale over which sexual selection was measured. Visualization of the fitness surfaces indicated that population divergence in overall morphology is more strongly influenced by divergent sexual selection rather than natural selection. Courtship success of experimental immigrant males was lower than that of resident males, indicating incipient sexual isolation between these populations. We conclude that current and strong sexual selection promotes adaptive population divergence in this species and that premating sexual isolation may have arisen as a correlated response to divergent sexual selection. Our results highlight the importance of sexual selection, rather than natural selection in the adaptive radiation of odonates, and supports previous suggestions that divergent sexual selection promotes speciation in this group.
126 citations
TL;DR: Data on female mate preferences of the banded demoiselle (Calopteryx splendens) are presented that suggest a role for learning in population divergence and species recognition, and a highly divergent pattern of species recognition at a small geographic scale.
Abstract: Learning and other forms of phenotypic plasticity have been suggested to enhance population divergence. Mate preferences can develop by learning, and species recognition might not be entirely genetic. We present data on female mate preferences of the banded demoiselle (Calopteryx splendens) that suggest a role for learning in population divergence and species recognition. Populations of this species are either allopatric or sympatric with a phenotypically similar congener (C. virgo). These two species differ mainly in the amount of wing melanization in males, and wing patches thus mediate sexual isolation. In sympatry, sexually experienced females discriminate against large melanin wing patches in heterospecific males. In contrast, in allopatric populations within the same geographic region, females show positive ("open-ended") preferences for such large wing patches. Virgin C. splendens females do not discriminate against heterospecific males. Moreover, physical exposure experiments of such virgin females to con- or hetero-specific males significantly influences their subsequent mate preferences. Species recognition is thus not entirely genetic and it is partly influenced by interactions with mates. Learning causes pronounced population divergence in mate preferences between these weakly genetically differentiated populations, and results in a highly divergent pattern of species recognition at a small geographic scale.
119 citations
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is suggested that the natural selection against large insertion/deletion is so weak that a large amount of variation is maintained in a population.
11,521 citations
3,213 citations
University of St Andrews1, University of Oldenburg2, Natural History Museum3, Naturalis4, Centre national de la recherche scientifique5, Michigan State University6, University of Lausanne7, University of Wyoming8, Queen Mary University of London9, University of Sheffield10, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis11, University of Oslo12, University of Vienna13, University of Vermont14, University of East Anglia15, Spanish National Research Council16, University of Cambridge17, University of Konstanz18, University of Zurich19, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh20, Harvard University21, Autonomous University of Madrid22, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology23, Boston University24, Max Planck Society25, University of Neuchâtel26, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill27, Lehigh University28, American Museum of Natural History29, University of Montpellier30, University of Liverpool31, Jagiellonian University32, Uppsala University33, German Primate Center34
TL;DR: A perspective on the context and evolutionary significance of hybridization during speciation is offered, highlighting issues of current interest and debate and suggesting that the Dobzhansky–Muller model of hybrid incompatibilities requires a broader interpretation.
Abstract: Hybridization has many and varied impacts on the process of speciation. Hybridization may slow or reverse differentiation by allowing gene flow and recombination. It may accelerate speciation via adaptive introgression or cause near-instantaneous speciation by allopolyploidization. It may have multiple effects at different stages and in different spatial contexts within a single speciation event. We offer a perspective on the context and evolutionary significance of hybridization during speciation, highlighting issues of current interest and debate. In secondary contact zones, it is uncertain if barriers to gene flow will be strengthened or broken down due to recombination and gene flow. Theory and empirical evidence suggest the latter is more likely, except within and around strongly selected genomic regions. Hybridization may contribute to speciation through the formation of new hybrid taxa, whereas introgression of a few loci may promote adaptive divergence and so facilitate speciation. Gene regulatory networks, epigenetic effects and the evolution of selfish genetic material in the genome suggest that the Dobzhansky-Muller model of hybrid incompatibilities requires a broader interpretation. Finally, although the incidence of reinforcement remains uncertain, this and other interactions in areas of sympatry may have knock-on effects on speciation both within and outside regions of hybridization.
1,715 citations
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic1, University of Saskatchewan2, Bayer3, Kansas State University4, University of California, Riverside5, Blaise Pascal University6, Kyoto University7, University of Dundee8, Punjab Agricultural University9, Indian Agricultural Research Institute10, University of Delhi11, University of Tsukuba12, Yokohama City University13, National Research Council14, Norwegian University of Life Sciences15, Sainsbury Laboratory16, Leibniz Association17, United States Department of Energy18, James Hutton Institute19, Institut national de la recherche agronomique20, University of Zurich21, Sabancı University22, Murdoch University23
TL;DR: Insight into the genome biology of a polyploid crop provide a springboard for faster gene isolation, rapid genetic marker development, and precise breeding to meet the needs of increasing food demand worldwide.
Abstract: An ordered draft sequence of the 17-gigabase hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genome has been produced by sequencing isolated chromosome arms. We have annotated 124,201 gene loci distributed nearly evenly across the homeologous chromosomes and subgenomes. Comparative gene analysis of wheat subgenomes and extant diploid and tetraploid wheat relatives showed that high sequence similarity and structural conservation are retained, with limited gene loss, after polyploidization. However, across the genomes there was evidence of dynamic gene gain, loss, and duplication since the divergence of the wheat lineages. A high degree of transcriptional autonomy and no global dominance was found for the subgenomes. These insights into the genome biology of a polyploid crop provide a springboard for faster gene isolation, rapid genetic marker development, and precise breeding to meet the needs of increasing food demand worldwide.
1,421 citations