Faham Khamesipour

Bio: Faham Khamesipour is an academic researcher from Islamic Azad University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Medicine & Brucella melitensis. The author has an hindex of 18, co-authored 108 publications receiving 1014 citations. Previous affiliations of Faham Khamesipour include Shiraz University of Medical Sciences & Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

A systematic review of human pathogens carried by the housefly ( Musca domestica L.)

Abstract: The synanthropic house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), is a mechanical vector of pathogens (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites), some of which cause serious diseases in humans and domestic animals. In the present study, a systematic review was done on the types and prevalence of human pathogens carried by the house fly. Major health-related electronic databases including PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, and Science Direct were searched (Last update 31/11/2017) for relevant literature on pathogens that have been isolated from the house fly. Of the 1718 titles produced by bibliographic search, 99 were included in the review. Among the titles included, 69, 15, 3, 4, 1 and 7 described bacterial, fungi, bacteria+fungi, parasites, parasite+bacteria, and viral pathogens, respectively. Most of the house flies were captured in/around human habitation and animal farms. Pathogens were frequently isolated from body surfaces of the flies. Over 130 pathogens, predominantly bacteria (including some serious and life-threatening species) were identified from the house flies. Numerous publications also reported antimicrobial resistant bacteria and fungi isolated from house flies. This review showed that house flies carry a large number of pathogens which can cause serious infections in humans and animals. More studies are needed to identify new pathogens carried by the house fly.

Biofilm formation, antimicrobial susceptibility, serogroups and virulence genes of uropathogenic E. coli isolated from clinical samples in Iran

Abstract: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli O- Serogroups with their virulence factors are the most prevalent causes of UTIs. The present research performed to track common uropathogenic E.coli serogroups, antibiotic resistance pattern of strains and prevalence of virulence genes in isolations having the ability to constitute biofilm. In this research 130 E.coli isolation from patients having UTI symptoms were collected and antimicrobial resistance pattern was performed by Kirby-Bauer method. Polymerase chain reaction was done using primer pairs to identify common serogroups of uropathogenic E.coli and studying virulence genes in isolations creating biofilm. Among 130 E.coli isolates, 80 (61.53 %) were able to make biofilm that 15 isolates (18.75 %) indicated strong reaction, 20 (25 %) of medium and 45 (56.25 %) of weak biofilm reaction. Among isolations creating biofilm, the highest resistance reported to Ampicillin (87.5 %) and the lowest to Nitrofurantoin (3.75 %). The frequency of fimH, pap, sfa and afa genes in isolations having the ability to create strong biofilm reported 93.33 %, 86.66 %, 86.66 % and 66.66 %, respectively. The findings indicated the importance of virulence genes in serogroups producing uropathogenic E.coli biofilm. It is recommended that strains producing biofilm before antibiotic use should be studied.

Helicobacter pylori in Vegetables and Salads: Genotyping and Antimicrobial Resistance Properties

Abstract: From a clinical and epidemiological perspective, it is important to know which genotypes and antibiotic resistance patterns are present in H. pylori strains isolated from salads and vegetables. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to find this purpose. Three hundred eighty washed and unwashed vegetable samples and fifty commercial and traditional salad samples were collected from Isfahan, Iran. Samples were cultured and those found positive for H. pylori were analyzed using PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion method. Seven out of 50 (14%) salad and 52 out of 380 (13.68%) vegetable samples harbored H. pylori. In addition, leek, lettuce, and cabbage were the most commonly contaminated samples (30%). The most prevalent virulence genes were oipA (86.44%) and cagA (57.625). VacA s1a (37.28%) and iceA1 (47.45%) were the most prevalent genotypes. Forty different genotypic combinations were recognized. S1a/cagA+/iceA1/oipA+ (33.89%), s1a/cagA+/iceA2/oipA (30.50%), and m1a/cagA+/iceA1/oipA+ (28.81%) were the most prevalent combined genotypes. Bacterial strains had the highest levels of resistance against metronidazole (77.96%), amoxicillin (67.79%), and ampicillin (61.01%). High similarity in the genotyping pattern of H. pylori among vegetable and salad samples and human specimens suggests that vegetable and salads may be the sources of the bacteria.

Microbiological Investigation of O‐Serogroups, Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance Properties of Shiga Toxin‐Producing Escherichia Coli Isolated from Ostrich, Turkey and Quail Meats

Abstract: From clinical and microbiological perspectives, it is important to know which serogroups, virulence, and antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotic resistance patterns are present in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains in poultry meats from turkey, quail and ostrich that have recently been added to the cart households. These were investigated in the present study. Five-hundred poultry meat samples were collected from the supermarkets of Isfahan province, Iran. Samples were cultured immediately and those that were E. coli-positive were analyzed for the presence of serogroups, antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial virulence factors. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using disk diffusion method. The prevalence rates of E. coli in ostrich, turkey and quail meat samples were 9.33, 23.52 and 27.77%, respectively. All of the enterohemorrhagic E. coli subtypes were positive for stx1, eae and ehly genes. The prevalence rate of stx1 gene in all attaching and effacing E. coli isolates was 100%. A significant difference was found between the frequency of AEEC (enteroadherent E. coli) and EHEC (enterohemorrhagic E. coli) subtypes (P < 0.05). Among all serogroups studied, O26 and O157 had the highest prevalence. The most commonly detected antibiotic resistance genes in various poultry meat samples were tetA, CITM and aac(3)-IV. The highest level of antibiotic resistance was observed against tetracycline, ampicillin and gentamicin. Resistance against sulfamethoxazole and enrofloxacin was intermediate. Our findings should raise awareness about antibiotic resistance in poultry meats in Iran. It seems that sanitary conditions were not observed in Iranian poultry farms, slaughterhouses and supermarkets. Practical Applications Recognition of the new epidemiological aspects of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli helps us to know the exact routes of transmission and decisive origin of this bacterium. Consumption of ostrich, quail and turkey meats is popular among Iranian people, but there is no accurate inspection on their meats and carcasses. Quail and turkey meat samples were the most commonly contaminated, suggesting that they may be the reservoir of E. coli. High prevalence of virulence factors, antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotic resistance has also been reported. Due to the lower levels of antibiotic resistance, prescription of streptomycin, cephalothin and trimethoprim has been suggested for the treatment of food poisoning due to the Shiga toxigenic E. coli strains of bird meat.

Prevalence of class 1 and 2 integrons in multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from aquaculture water in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province, Iran

Abstract: Background: Integrons play important role in the spread and maintenance of antimicrobial resistance among strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and other species of Enterobacteriaceae. This study investigated the prevalence of class 1 and 2 integrons among E. coli strains isolated from aquaculture water of fish fields in Iran. Methods: One hundred and fifty water samples from different geographical regions in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province were examined over a 2 months period. Isolation was through culture and biochemical tests. Integrons were identified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using oligonucleotide primers specific for class 1 and 2 integrons. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using disc diffusion methods. Results: Eighteen percent of the water samples were positive for E. coli. All the strains were multi-drug resistant; 100% to ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, ampicillin and tetracycline and least resistant to imipenem (7.2%). Ten (50%) of the most resistant strains were positive for class 1 (40%) and class 2 (10%). Conclusions: Escherichia coli in aquaculture in Iran carried integrons class 1 and 2 which could be of public health concern since they could play a role in the spread and maintenance of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial population in the region and should be constantly monitored.

Listeria monocytogenes, a food-borne pathogen

Abstract: Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram positive, aerobic, facultative anaerobic and nonacid fast bacterium, which can cause the disease listeriosis in both human and animals. It is widely distributed thoroughout the environment and has been isolated from various plant and animal food products associated with listeriosis outbreaks. Contaminated ready-to-eat food products such as gravad and cold-smoked salmon and rainbow trout have been associated with human listeriosis in Sweden. The aim of this study was to analyse the occurrence and level of L. monocytogenes in gravad and cold-smoked salmon (Salmo salar) products packed under vacuum or modified atmosphere from retail outlets in Sweden. Isolated strains were characterized by serotyping and the diversity of the strains within and between producers were determined with PFGE (Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis). The characterized fish isolates were compared with previously characterized human strains. L. monocytogenes was isolated from 11 (three manufacturers) of 56 products analysed. This included gravad salmon products from three manufacturers and cold-smoked salmon from one manufacturer. The highest level of L. monocytogenes found was 1500 cfu/g from a cold-smoked salmon product but the level was low (<100 cfu/g) in most of the products. Serovar 1/2a was predominant, followed by 4b. Three products of gravad salmon harboured more than one serovar. PFGE typing of the 56 salmon isolates detected five Asc I types: four types were identical to human clinical strains with Asc I and one was identical and one was closely related to human clinical strains with Apa I. Isolation of identical or closely related L. monocytogenes strains from human clinical cases of listeriosis and gravad and cold-smoked salmon suggested that these kinds of products are possible sources of listeriosis in Sweden. Therefore, these products should be considered risk products for human listeriosis.

專題討論－細螺旋體病（Leptospirosis）

Abstract: Asevere type of jaundice that appeared in epidemic form was described by Adolf W eil of " eisbaden in 1880, and from this time for some years there was a tendency to refer to all cases ? severe jaundice that appeared in epidemic !?nn as Weil's disease. In 1915 some Japanese Investigators associated a slender coiled oiganwith a severe febrile attack, usually accompanied by jaundice, that occurred in both cPiclemic and sporadic form in Japan, this 0rganism they recovered from the blood and **** ^ Patients during life, and from the livci 'n(> kidneys post mortem.

What is Veterinary Medicine

Abstract: Transfer Requirements The following requirements for the major are subject to change without notice. To assure accuracy of the information on this sheet, you should consult with a counselor, the articulation officer, or review articulation agreements via the internet at www.assist.org Veterinary medicine uses problem-solving skills and in-depth knowledge to diagnose, treat and prevent animal diseases. It is the broadest and most comprehensive of all the health professions. The profession is concerned with enhancing the health, welfare, and productivity of animals and assuring the safety of animal products used by people. Veterinarians are highly trained medical professionals who provide for the health needs of all kinds of animals while maintaining sensitivity to human health and well-being. Most veterinarians in the United States are engaged in private practice. Other veterinarians work in a wide range of fields relating to public health, animal disease control, environmental protection, the biotechnology industry, higher education and research. Academic preparation for veterinary school takes place at the undergraduate level through a comprehensive educational experience with special emphasis in the sciences. In order to succeed academically, in the rigorous veterinary school curriculum, veterinary schools are looking for individuals with a highly developed science background. Since Pre-Veterinary is not a major, it is important to meet with a counselor during your first semester at El Camino College to help with the selection of classes. 1. Academic preparation and grade point average is critical for admission. Cumulative GPA, strong grades in science courses, and GPA in the last two years of undergraduate study are critical in the selection process. 2. Many, but not all veterinary schools require a bachelor's degree. In some instances, a bachelor's degree may make an applicant more competitive in the admission process. 3. Score on a standardized graduate admissions test (e.g. GRE, MCAT, and VCAT). Check with the individual program for the specific test required. 4. Strong letters of recommendation-Most schools require a minimum of three letters of recommendation. Some schools require on letter from a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine. 5. Undergraduate course of study-Veterinary schools are looking for both lower and upper division preparation. 6. Applicant's personal statement or narrative. 7. Extracurricular activities, work experience, community activities, motivation, individual character, personality, and other post-undergraduate experiences. 8. Animal related activities and/or animal related work experience-Most colleges are looking for a strong commitment to working with animals. Some require employment by a Veterinarian. 9. Personal interview. …

Comparative Study on the Antibacterial Activity of Phytochemical Flavanones against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Abstract: Differently substituted flavanones were isolated from Leguminosae and their antibacterial activity was comparatively studied against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of phytochemical flavanones to clinical isolates of MRSA were determined by a serial agar dilution method. The structure-activity relationship has indicated that 2',4'- or 2',6'-dihydroxylation of the B ring and 5,7-dihydroxylation of the A ring in the flavanone structure are important for significant anti-MRSA activity and that substitution with a certain aliphatic group at the 6- or 8-position also enhances the activity. Among the thirteen flavanones tested, tetrahydroxyflavanones with these structural characteristics isolated from Sophora exigua and Echinosophora koreensis showed intensive activity to inhibit the growth of all MRSA strains at 3.13-6.25 micrograms/ml. The present hydroxyflavanones would be useful in the phytotherapeutic strategy against MRSA infections.