In medical applications, most of the patients are remotely monitored to eliminate the risk of being infected from the healthcare facilities. The process of remotely monitoring patients involves placing several body sensor networks on the patient’s body to collect their health details. The collected information is transmitted via the wireless communication process that must be of a high quality. Hence, this paper investigated antenna S11 variation (AS11V) with harmonic suppression to improve the communication process in medical applications. In this research, the antenna was placed on a 2- to 4-mm thickness belt, 15 to 300 mm body thickness, and 40 to 50 dielectric constants. In addition, 3-short pin resonators were used in the harmonic suppression process aid in reducing the unnecessary harmonics in the communication process. Optimized recurrent neural networks (ORNN) were then used to process the wearable antenna–based collected devices. This in return helped in determining how effectively the gathered data helps in the medical analysis. The efficiency of the wireless antenna–based communication process was then evaluated using simulation results, and the ORNN approach showed 99.17% accuracy using the collected and validated data.

Improving medical communication process using recurrent networks and wearable antenna s11 variation with harmonic suppressions

This paper presents a novel dual-band wearable antenna using Rectangular Parasitic Elements (RPEs) and Defected Ground Structure (DGS) methods in telemedicine applications. The dual-band ranges covered by this antenna are in 890–960 MHz and 1710–1885 MHz which are used in Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) applications. Wearable and flexible material that is used as the substrate is a standard rubber with dielectric constant er = 3, thickness = 1.57 mm, and tan (δ) = 0.0095. The dimensions of the proposed wearable antenna are 70 × 85 × 1.64 mm3 or 0.0007λg3 at 900 MHz. The measured maximum gain is achieved at 900 MHz and 1800 MHz, which are equal to 7.46 dB and 8.13 dB, respectively. A good agreement between simulation and experimental results are obtained by a fabricated prototype of the antenna. Therefore, the results represent this antenna is a promising candidate in biomedical technology such as tele-monitoring at the GSM bands.

Design investigation of a dual-band wearable antenna for tele-monitoring applications

In this paper, a wearable antenna pressure sensor with electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) is proposed, which can be used to monitor the walking and fall states of the elderly. When the elderly walks and falls suddenly, the knee or elbow wearing the antenna sensor will touch the ground and put a lot of pressure on the antenna sensor, resulting in the resonance frequency shifts. The proposed antenna sensor is fabricated on flexible silicone substrate and works in the 2.45 GHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. A 3 × 3 EBG array is designed to reduce the specific absorption rate (SAR) of the antenna to the human body and increase the forward peak gain of the antenna from 1.63dBi to 4.36dBi. Furthermore, the antenna sensor exhibits high sensitivity of about 11 MHz/N to the pressure. To verify the simulated results, the sensing properties of the wearable antenna sensor were measured. The measured results have been found to be consistent with the simulated ones. Moreover, the bending performance study and SAR analysis reveal that the proposed antenna sensor is a good candidate for wearable devices.

Wearable antenna pressure sensor with electromagnetic bandgap for elderly fall monitoring

A simple dual-band patch antenna with paired L-shap slots for on- and off-body communications has been presented in this article. The proposed antenna resonates in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band at two different frequencies, at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. At the lower frequency band, the antenna’s radiation pattern is broadsided directional, whereas it is omni-directional at the higher frequency band. The efficiency and performance of the proposed antenna under the influence of the physical body are improved, and the specific absorption rate (SAR) value is significantly reduced by creating a full ground plane behind the substrate. The substrate’s material is FR-4, the thickness of which is 1.6 mm and it has a loss tangent of tanδ = 0.02. The overall size of the proposed design is 40 mm × 30 mm × 1.6 mm. Physical phantoms, such as skin, fat and muscle, are used to evaluate the impact of physical layers at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The SAR values are assessed and found to be 0.19 W/kg and 1.18 W/kg at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, respectively, over 1 gram of mass tissue. The acquired results indicate that this antenna can be used for future on- and off-body communications and wireless services.

Compact Dual-Band Antenna with Paired L-Shape Slots for On- and Off-Body Wireless Communication

In this article, a novel wearable and broadband multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is designed for use in several wireless telecommunication/medical systems. In this antenna, two rec...

A broadband all-textile wearable MIMO antenna for wireless telecommunication/medical applications

In this paper, a wearable dual-band antenna (WDBA) with harmonic suppression capability is presented for application in wireless medical/communication systems such as industrials, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands (0.9–1 GHz and 2.4–2.48 GHz). For harmonic suppression, 3 pairs of shorted-pins resonators (SPRs) are employed. These resonators, in addition to eliminating unwanted harmonics, also cause the antenna frequency response dual-band. The final dimensions of the proposed antenna are 60 × 60 × 2 mm3 or 0.19 × 0.19 × 0.006 λg3 at 950 MHz. The maximum simulated gain at 1 GHz and 2.4 GHz are equal to 2.23 dB and 2.38 dB, respectively. Finally, to prove the simulations, the proposed WDBA was fabricated and its parameters were measured. The results of the measurement are in good proportion to the results of the simulations.

Wearable dual-band antenna with harmonic suppression for application in medical communication systems

In this paper, a simple and efficient method to increase the gain and bandwidth of the wearable antennas used in several medical/communications systems is presented. To increase the gain and bandwidth simultaneously, the triple transmission lines (TTLs) method has been used. With this method, the frequency ranges of 1.7–2.5 and 5.4–5.95 GHz are covered with dual-band responses. Also, the simulated maximum gain at 2 and 5.8 GHz is equal to 8.26 and 9.86 dB, respectively. Using the TTLs method, the second frequency band (5.4–5.95 GHz) is achieved. Also, the gain improvement in operating frequencies is more than 4 dB compared to the conventional antenna. The dimensions of the proposed wearable high-gain antenna are 80 × 92 × 2 mm3 or 0.57 × 0.67 × 0.01 λg3 at 2 GHz. Finally, a dual-band sample antenna for use in medical systems was fabricated with a flexible felt substrate and its characteristics were measured. There is a good fit between the measurement and simulation results.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S1759078720001075

Fatemeh Haghshenas

Papers

Wearable dual-band antenna with harmonic suppression for application in medical communication systems

A simple method to simultaneously increase the gain and bandwidth of wearable antennas for application in medical/communications systems