Objective: To evaluate the association between soft tissue at the chin (STC) thickness and mandibular divergence. Materials and Methods: Nongrowing patients seeking orthodontic treatment (n  =  190; 113 women and 77 men), who had an average age of 26.94 years (range  =  18.10–53.50 years), were stratified in four subgroups based on cephalometric mandibular plane inclination to anterior cranial base (MP/SN): low  =  MP/SN ≤ 27° (n  =  48); medium-low  =  27° < MP/SN ≤ 32° (n  =  60); medium-high  =  32° < MP/SN < 37° (n  =  37); and high  =  MP/SN ≥ 37° (n  =  45). The STC thicknesses were measured at pogonion (Pog), gnathion (Gn), and menton (Me). Group differences were evaluated with two-way analysis of variance and Student's t-test. The Pearson product moment correlation gauged associations between parameters. Results: The STC values were greater in men than women (P < .02) and were smaller in the high group (7.47 ± 2.42 mm) than in all other groups at Gn (mean values  =  9.00 mm < STC < 9.58 m...

Comparisons of soft tissue chin thickness in adult patients with various mandibular divergence patterns

Differences in craniofacial and dental characteristics of adolescent Mexican Americans and European Americans.

Holdaway soft tissue cephalometric standards for Saudi adults

Background: Facial beauty is a function of harmonious balance among all parts of the face, and the nose plays a dominant role in this because of its location exactly in the middle of the face. Therefore, an evaluation of the nasal form and its position relative to other facial structures should play an important part in the assessment of patients before orthognathic surgery, rhinoplasty or orthodontics. Aim: The aim was to establish normative values for the nose prominence of an adult Nigerian population using Holdaway’s soft tissue cephalometric analysis. Methodology: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 100 adults aged 18–25 years, with normal occlusion and a harmonious facial appearance were analyzed. The nose prominence was assessed using Holdaway’s analysis. Twenty radiographs randomly selected, were retraced to assess for errors. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Student’s t‑tests and analysis of variance using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: The mean value recorded for the nose prominence of the study population was 3.49 mm (standard deviation [SD], 3.26 mm), with a range of −5.0 mm to 15.0 mm. Mean values obtained for females were 3.73 mm (SD, 2.88 mm) and males 3.19 mm (SD, 3.70 mm). No statistically significant gender difference was observed (P > 0.05). In addition, no significant difference was observed between the nose prominence values recorded for different age‑groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Normative values were established for the nose prominence of an adult Nigerian population. The values obtained for Nigerians in this study are comparatively lower than that reported for other populations. These values would aid in treatment planning for orthognathic surgery, rhinoplasty and orthodontics in Nigerians.

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Holdaway's analysis of the nose prominence of an adult Nigerian population

Esthetic preferences of orthodontists, oral surgeons, and laypersons for Persian facial profiles.

Objective: To determine the mean soft tissue facial profile for Persian adults as determined by the Holdaway analysis. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs for 62 Persian adults with normal occlusion were used. Results: Persian adults have the same values of Holdaway soft tissue norms except for the skeletal profile convexity, H angle, basic upper lip thickness, and soft tissue chin thickness, which were increased in Persians in relation to Holdaway norms. When comparing men with women, the nose prominence (P < .001), basic upper lip thickness (P < .001), upper lip thickness (P < .001), inferior sulcus to H line (P < .001), and soft tissue chin thickness (P < .01) were significantly increased in Persian men compared with Persian women. Conclusions: Persian adults differ from Holdaway's soft tissue norms in an increased skeletal profile convexity, H angle, basic upper lip thickness, and soft tissue chin thickness. These are recommended for use when formulating a treatment plan ...

Fatma Oguz

Papers

Facial soft tissue values in Persian adults with normal occlusion and well-balanced faces.