Frances Stewart

Bio: Frances Stewart is an academic researcher from University of Oxford. The author has contributed to research in topics: Human development (humanity) & Poverty. The author has an hindex of 54, co-authored 244 publications receiving 11714 citations. Previous affiliations of Frances Stewart include Philippine Institute for Development Studies & Mansfield University of Pennsylvania.

Does it Matter that we do not Agree on the Definition of Poverty? A Comparison of Four Approaches

Abstract: While there is world-wide agreement on poverty reduction as an overriding goal of development policy, there is little agreement on the definition of poverty. Four approaches to the definition and measurement of poverty are reviewed in this paper: the monetary, capability, social exclusion and participatory approaches. The theoretical underpinnings of the various measures and problems of operationalizing them are pointed out. It is argued that each is a construction of reality, involving numerous judgements, which are often not transparent. The different methods have different implications for policy, and also, to the extent that they point to different people as being poor, for targeting. Empirical work in Peru and India shows that there is significant lack of overlap between the methods with, for example, nearly half the population identified as in poverty according to monetary poverty but not in capability poverty, and conversely. This confirms similar findings elsewhere. Hence, the definition of povert...

Horizontal Inequalities: A Neglected Dimension of Development

Abstract: Current thinking about development places individuals firmly at the centre of concern, the basic building block for analysis and policy. This is as true of the innovations led by Amartya Sen, which move us away from a focus purely on incomes to incorporate wider perspectives on well-being, as of the more traditional neoclassical welfare analysis which underpins most development policy. The present overriding concerns with reduced poverty and inequality, which stem from both types of analysis, are equally individual-focused. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), for example, are concerned with the numbers of individuals in poverty in the world as a whole, not with who they are, or where they live. Measures of inequality relate to the ranking of individuals (or households) within a country (or sometimes the globe). The issues of individuals’ poverty and inequality are, of course, extremely important, but they neglect a vital dimension of human well-being and of social stability: that is, the group dimension.

Adjustment with a human face Vol. I: protecting the vulnerable and promoting growth.

Abstract: This study produced by UNICEF documents the need to introduce policies and measures in developing countries that integrate the human dimension s part of structural adjustment policies (SAPs) and not as an additional welfare component to it. The study calls for a more humanitarian approach to economic policies alternatives to regain economic growth and development while simultaneously adopting people- oriented policies directed at the most vulnerable groups must be found. This book is divided into 2 parts. Part I includes 5 chapters: 1) economic decline and human welfare in the 1st half of the 1980s; 2) adjustment policies 1980-85: effects on child welfare; 3) the impact on government expenditure; 4) adjustment at the household level: potentials and limitations of survival strategies; 5) country experience with adjustment (10 case studies). Part II includes 11 chapters: 6) an overview of the alternative approach; 7) alternative macropolicies meso policies and vulnerable groups; 8) social policymaking: restructuring targeting efficiency; 9) policy approaches towards small farmers; 10) supporting productive employment among vulnerable groups; 11) health policy and program options: compensating for the negative effects of economic adjustment; 12) education; 13) nutrition interventions; 14) monitoring and statistics for adjustment with a human face; 15) the international system and the protection of the vulnerable; and 16) summary and conclusions.

Horizontal inequalities and conflict : understanding group violence in multiethnic societies

Abstract: PART ONE: CONCEPTS AND ISSUES Horizontal Inequalities and Conflict: An Introduction and Some Hypotheses F.Stewart Who Should be Included? Noncitizens, Conflict and the Constitution of the Citizenry M.Gibney Cultural Status Inequalities: An Important Dimension of Group Mobilization A.Langer& G.K.Brown Horizontal Inequalities: Explaining Persistence and Change F.Stewart& A.Langer PART TWO: MEASUREMENT AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Approaches to the Measurement of Horizontal Inequalities L.Mancini, F.Stewart& G.K.Brown Horizontal Inequality and Communal Violence: Evidence from Indonesian Districts L.Mancini Inequalities, the Political Environment and Civil Conflict: Evidence from 55 Developing Countries G.Ostby PART THREE: HIS AND CONFLICT IN THREE REGIONS When Do Horizontal Inequalities Lead to Conflict? Lessons from a Comparative Study of Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire A.Langer Horizontal Inequalities and Ethnic Violence: Evidence from Calabar and Warri, Nigeria U.Ukiwo Ethnicity, Religion and the State in Ghana and Nigeria: Perceptions from the Street A. Langer& U.Ukiwo Inequality, Ethnicity and Political Violence in Latin America: The Cases of Bolivia, Guatemala and Peru C.Caumartin, G.Gray Molina& R.Thorp Horizontal Inequalities and Separatism in Southeast Asia: A Comparative Perspective G.K.Brown PART FOUR: CONCLUSIONS AND POLICIES Major Findings and Conclusions on the Relationship Between Horizontal Inequalities and Conflict F.Stewart, G.K.Brown & A.Langer Policies towards Horizontal Inequalities F.Stewart, G.K.Brown& A.Langer Conclusions

Economic growth and income inequality

Abstract: We investigate whether income inequality affects subsequent growth in a cross-country sample for 1965-90, using the models of Barro (1997), Bleaney and Nishiyama (2002) and Sachs and Warner (1997), with negative results. We then investigate the evolution of income inequality over the same period and its correlation with growth. The dominating feature is inequality convergence across countries. This convergence has been significantly faster amongst developed countries. Growth does not appear to influence the evolution of inequality over time. Outline

World report on violence and health

Abstract: WHO Violence cuts short the lives of millions of people across the world each year, and damages the lives of millions more. It knows no boundaries of geography, race, age or income. It strikes at children, young people, women and the elderly. It finds its way into homes, schools and the workplace. Men and women everywhere have the right to live their lives and raise their children free from the fear of violence. We must help them enjoy that right by making it clearly understood that violence is preventable, and by working together to identify and address its underlying causes.