Francisco Lombardi Neto

Bio: Francisco Lombardi Neto is an academic researcher from IAC. The author has contributed to research in topics: Land use & Surface runoff. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 11 publications receiving 124 citations.

Classificação Hidrológica de Solos Brasileiros para a Estimativa da Chuva Excedente com o Método do Serviço de Conservação do Solo dos Estados Unidos Parte 2: Aplicação

Abstract: The rainfall-runoff model of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Soil Conservation Service (SCS) is often used in engineering projects, either to calculate excess rainfall or for a design hydrograph. However, it is known that the main parameter of the method is the runoff curve number (CN). It is also known that the hydrologic soil classification is very important to estimate CN and it has not been developed for tropical soils such as those in Brazil. Sartori et al. (2005) point out a few difficulties for its application and present a suggestion for hydrologic soil classification in Brazil based on the work of Lombardi Neto et al. (1989). As all proposals deserve to be evaluated, this study is developed to analyze the responses of the rainfall-runoff model of SCS applied to the original hydrologic soil classification and with the classification suggested by Sartori et al. (2005) to observed precipitation events in order to estimate excess rainfall and peak flow which was obtained with the triangular unit hydrograph of the SCS and with the mean unit hydrograph representing Ribeirão dos Marins watershed, in the municipality of Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil, with an area close to 21.87 RBRH – Revista Brasileira de Recursos Hídricos Volume 10 n.4 Out/Dez 2005, 19-29 29 km. The simulated results using two hydrologic soil classifications were compared to the events observed in the watershed. From the comparisons made it was observed that a better result was obtained with the hydrologic classification suggested by Sartori et al. (2005) and with the representative unit hydrograph of the watershed. These results indicate that the hydrologic soil classification suggested by Sartori et al. (2005) is more appropriate for the soil conditions in the watershed studied and that the unit hydrograph of the SCS tends to overestimate peak flow

Effect of the soil cover management and conservation practices on soil and water losses of a Haplargid soil in Sume, Paraiba State, Brazil

Abstract: The effect of the soil cover management and conservation practice on soil and water losses caused by the erosivity of rainfall in Haplargid soil have been analyzed in this paper. The field data corresponding to the years 1983-1990 were collected at the Experimental Basin of Sume, PB operated by the Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB). The experimental data resulting from one erosion plot cleared bare of vegetation and continuously ploughed in, two cleared bare runoff plots, one runoff plot with native semiarid vegetation, two mulched runoff plots, one plot with cactus planted down the slope and one plot with cactus planted along contour lines were used in the analysis. The bare ploughed plot contributed with annual soil and water losses of 23.1 t ha-1 and 201 mm respectively. In the cleared runoff plots, the soil losses were of 35.7 and 58.5 t ha-1 and the water losses of 224.2 and 241.0 mm, respectively. The runoff plot with native semiarid vegetation when compared with the bare runoff plots, showed a reduction in the soil losses of about 99% and the water losses of around 89%, while in mulched runoff plots there was a reduction of approximately 99% of soil losses and 74% of water losses when compared with the bare plots. The contour planted cactus plot reduced the soil losses by about 53.4% compared with the down the slope planted cactus plot.

Classificação da capacidade de uso das terras da Microbacia do Riacho Una, Sapé, PB

Abstract: The growing expansion of agricultural activities without consideration of the potentialities and limitations of land constitutes a potential source of environment degradation This work aimed to evaluate the physical proprieties of lands in the micro bosin of Una, Sape in the state of Paraiba, Brazil, using the classification of the land use capacity The area is located in the eastern part of the Paraiba state, between the geographical coordinates: 35o 08' 16" and 35o 15' 12" longitude, West of Greenwich and 06o 59' 18" and 07o 05' 42" latitude South The adopted procedures utilized geoprocessing techniques and the integration of information was made in the Geographical Information Systems Idrisi Kilimanjaro, version 140 The system of soil use capacity was adopted to evaluate land The results obtained demonstrated that the micro basin of stream Una presents satisfactory results with an indication that approximately 60% of its land may be used for agricultural purposes

Sistema de suporte à decisão para recomendação de uso e manejo da terra

Abstract: The objective of this work was to develop a decision support system to recommend land use and practices for soil conservation and management, which integrates an Expert System, Geographic Information System (GIS), a database and an interface to monitor input and output data and the messages passed between the subsystems. Using soil and slope maps, the developed system determines land capability from information stored in the database and also supplied by SIG; it recommends adequate uses for land capability class as well as practices for soil conservation and management and identifies conflict areas comparing the maps of land use with the land capability. All results can be visualized by the user through windows of the program, recorded or printed in form of report. In order to test the system, the municipality of Santo Antonio do Jardim, in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, was selected. The system is a powerful and efficient tool, permitting the evaluation of a region and thereby offering support for adequate decision making.

Expectativa de degradação dos recursos hídricos em microbacias hidrográficas com auxílio de sistemas de informação geográfica - DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v25i2.2052

Abstract: The present work evaluated the expectation of water-courses degradation in Areas of Permanent Preservation (APP), a watershed situated at Jundiai/SP county. A data base of environmental aspects was elaborated using factors and calculations from the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), in a Geographical Information System (GIS), which allowed the obtaintion of information plans about soil losses and erosion risk. A correlation matrix of the factors of erosion risk, was elaborated accounting for soil use and steepness-slope present in the APP, to evaluate degradation expectation. According to the resulty, 32% of the total area showed high erosion risk, and the APP showed high expectation of water-course degradation. The proposed methodology provided important aid to identify areas with expectation of water-course degradation, being an adequated tool for environmental analysis of watersheds.

Runoff and soil erosion plot-scale studies under natural rainfall: A meta-analysis of the Brazilian experience

Abstract: Research to measure soil erosion rates in the United States from natural rainfall runoff plots began in the early 1900′s. In Brazil, the first experimental study at the plot-scale was conducted in the 1940′s; however, the monitoring process and the creation of new experimental field plots have not continued through the years in either country, and are relatively rare in other parts of the world. To better understand runoff and soil erosion rates in Brazil, we review the plot-scale studies that have been conducted across the country. We also evaluated trends, challenges, and perspectives of plot-scale studies in Brazil. Runoff and soil loss records under natural rainfall were compiled from peer-reviewed journals, books, M.Sc. theses, and Ph.D. dissertations, and we organized a database containing the following information: geographic coordinates, region, rainfall, runoff, soil erosion, length of record (plot-years), land cover, tillage system, slope length, and slope gradient. We found mean values of observed annual soil loss ranging from 0.1 t ha y − 1 (grassland and pasture in the southern region) to as great as 136.0 t ha y − 1 (tilled fallow plots, without plant cover, in the northeastern region). Our findings indicated that the southern and southeastern regions of Brazil have the greatest number of runoff and soil loss monitoring sites and length of records (plot-years), corresponding to 67% and 88% of the totals, respectively. In addition, the number of plot-years of data collected has decreased 86% in the last 15 years. However, the number of published documents has increased 10 times in the same period. Around 50% of the experimental studies have 2 years or less of monitored data. In order to reduce the variability of the observed data, develop models, and support decisions, it is important to increase the monitoring period of the experimental sites. Moreover, efforts should continue to allow field observations in all regions of Brazil where data is scarce, in particular paying special attention to the central-western region, where crop production is the main land-use, and along the largest Brazilian agricultural expansion frontier (northern region).

Perdas de solo e de água e infiltração de água em latossolo vermelho sob sistemas de manejo

Abstract: Os sistemas de manejo do solo alteram o microrrelevo e a cobertura por residuos vegetais, influenciando a perda de solo e de agua. Assim, os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar as perdas de solo e de agua e estimar a taxa de infiltracao estavel de agua no solo (TIE) em diferentes sistemas de manejo, sob chuva simulada. As avaliacoes de campo foram conduzidas sobre residuos vegetais, apos a colheita da cultura da soja (Glycine max L. Merril). Estudaram-se tres sistemas de manejo do solo: semeadura direta, preparo com grade aradora e com escarificador associados a tres niveis de cobertura do solo com residuo vegetal: 0,0; 2,0; e 4,0 Mg ha-1. Para caracterizar a area experimental foram feitas analises de densidade do solo, macroporosidade, estabilidade de agregados, umidade inicial do solo, percentual de cobertura e rugosidade superficial do solo. Por meio do uso do simulador de chuvas portatil, as parcelas receberam aplicacao de precipitacoes de 60 mm h-1. Os tratamentos foram dispostos segundo o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, arranjados em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, com tres repeticoes. As perdas de solo variaram de 1,40 a 116,30 x 10-3 Mg ha-1 h-1, enquanto as de agua, de 1,60 a 106,94 m3 ha-1 h-1. Os valores da TIE apresentaram variacao entre 23 e 52 mm h-1. Os tratamentos sob semeadura direta sem cobertura do solo e sob preparo com grade aradora apresentaram maiores perdas de solo e de agua e valores mais baixos de TIE.

A blue/green water‐based accounting framework for assessment of water security

Abstract: A comprehensive assessment of water security can incorporate several water-related concepts, while accounting for Blue and Green Water (BW and GW) types defined in accordance with the hydrological processes involved. Here we demonstrate how a quantitative analysis of provision probability and use of BW and GW can be conducted, so as to provide indicators of water scarcity and vulnerability at the basin level. To illustrate the approach, we use the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to model the hydrology of an agricultural basin (291 km2) within the Cantareira Water Supply System in Brazil. To provide a more comprehensive basis for decision making, we analyze the BW and GW-Footprint components against probabilistic levels (50th and 30th percentile) of freshwater availability for human activities, during a 23 year period. Several contrasting situations of BW provision are distinguished, using different hydrological-based methodologies for specifying monthly Environmental Flow Requirements (EFRs), and the risk of natural EFR violation is evaluated by use of a freshwater provision index. Our results reveal clear spatial and temporal patterns of water scarcity and vulnerability levels within the basin. Taking into account conservation targets for the basin, it appears that the more restrictive EFR methods are more appropriate than the method currently employed at the study basin. The blue/green water-based accounting framework developed here provides a useful integration of hydrologic, ecosystem and human needs information on a monthly basis, thereby improving our understanding of how and where water-related threats to human and aquatic ecosystem security can arise.